摘要
目的了解山东省2006-2007年报告的狂犬病病例的流行病学特征和危险因素,探讨狂犬病防制的重点策略和措施。方法对山东省2006-2007年报告的狂犬病病例个案调查资料进行统计分析。结果山东省2006-2007年共报告狂犬病270例,病死率100%,疫情高度散发。农民占病例总数的83.33%,被犬所伤的病例占95.31%。暴露后未接种疫苗的占64.45%,被自家养动物所伤者的疫苗接种率低。Ⅲ度伤口暴露者中未注射狂犬病免疫球蛋白的占93.89%。头面部受伤患者的潜伏期短于其他部位受伤者。结论应将狂犬病防控工作的重点放在农村,加强犬只管理,将"管、免、灭"等综合性防控措施落到实处。狂犬病暴露后处置措施不规范是造成狂犬病高发的主要原因之一。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of human rabies cases reported in Shandong province from 2006 to 2007 and the risk factors, and discuss the key strategies and measures for rabies prevention and control. Methods Descriptive analysis were conducted on the data of human rabies cases reported from 2006 to 2007. Results A total of 270 human rabies cases were reported during this period, and the case-fatality was 100%. The occurrence of the cases were highly sporadic. The cases in farmers accounted for 83.33% of the total cases. The cases caused by dog bite accounted for 95.31% and the cases without vaccination after exposure accounted for 64.45%. The vaccination rate for the cases bitten by the animals raised by themselves was low. For the cases with wounds of III degree, 93.89% were not injected with rabies immunoglobulin. The incubation period for the cases bitten on head was shorter than the cases bitten on other sites. Conclusion The priority of rabies prevention and control should be put in rural area. Management of dogs should be strengthened, and the eradication of stray dogs and the vaccination of domestic dogs should be implemented. Nonstandard post-exposure prophylaxis is one of the factors to cause rabies epidemic.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2009年第10期761-763,共3页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
狂犬病
流行特征
暴露后处理
rabies
epidemiological analysis
post-exposure prophylaxis
