摘要
目的通过对河北省2005-2011年人间狂犬病疫情资料及2008-2011年狂犬病病例暴露后处置情况进行分析,了解该病在全省的流行状况,探讨具有针对性的预防控制措施。方法收集河北省2005-2011年人间狂犬病疫情及2008-2011年狂犬病病例暴露后处置资料,用Excel软件对资料进行统计,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果河北省狂犬病疫情自2005年出现明显上升趋势,至2007年达到发病高峰,并一直维持在较高水平。病例集中于中南部的保定、沧州和石家庄市,其病例数占全省发病总数的49.15%;东北部地区秦皇岛市、唐山市和北部地区张家口市疫情上升较快。发病以农民为主,男性多于女性;各年龄组均有发病,35～70岁年龄组发病较多,占病例总数的68.18%。全年均有病例报告,9月出现发病高峰。狂犬病患者在暴露后伤口处理率(45.35%)及疫苗接种率(11.16%)均较低,Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率仅为6.47%。结论河北省狂犬病发病以农民为主,患者在暴露后伤口处理及疫苗接种率均较低,建议政府在狂犬病高发地区,将狂犬病疫苗和被动免疫制剂纳入医保或新型农村合作医疗的报销范围,以降低居民的经济负担,提高狂犬病疫苗和被动免疫制剂的接种率,保障居民身体健康,促进社会和谐稳定。
Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of rabies in Hebei province,China and explore the strategy for prevention and control of rabies by analyzing the epidemic data of human rabies cases in Hebei from 2005 to 2011 and the treatment of the human rabies cases in Hebei from 2008 to 2011.Methods The epidemic data of human rabies cases in Hebei from 2005 to 2011 and the information on the treatment of the human rabies cases from 2008 to 2011 were collected and subject to statistical analysis using Excel and analysis based on descriptive epidemiology.Results The prevalence rate of rabies in Hebei increased rapidly since 2005,peaked in 2007,and maintained at a high level in the remaining years.The cases were found mainly in Baoding,Cangzhou,and Shijiazhuang,accounting for 49.15% of all cases;Qinhuangdao,Tangshan,and Zhangjiakou presented a rapidly increasing prevalence rate.Most cases were peasants,and there were more male cases than female counterparts.Rabies occurred in all age groups,but the patients aged 35-70 years accounted for 68.18% of all cases.There were cases of rabies reported in each month,with the highest incidence in September.The wound treatment rate（45.35%） and vaccination rate（11.16%） of rabies cases after exposure were relatively low,and the rabies immunoglobulin utilization rate for level Ⅲ exposure was only 6.47%.Conclusion In Hebei province,China,most rabies cases were peasants,and the post-exposure wound treatment rate and vaccination rate are relatively low.It is recommended that the rabies vaccine and passive immunization preparations be covered by medical insurance or the New Rural Cooperative Medical Care in high-epidemic areas,aiming to reduce the economic burden of residents and improve the vaccination rates of rabies vaccine and passive immunization preparations.
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2012年第6期549-551,共3页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
关键词
狂犬病
流行特征
预防对策
Rabies
Epidemic characteristic
Strategy for prevention and control
