摘要
对滇中朗目山野生二倍体鸭茅用秋水仙素处理萌动种子,获得了混倍体鸭茅(同一植株根尖中二倍体细胞和四倍体细胞混存),混倍体鸭茅的形态学特征及生长发育均与二倍体无明显差异;从混倍体鸭茅自然传粉后代中,获得了纯合同源四倍体鸭茅。同源四倍体鸭茅的气孔和种子均较二倍体大,但形态、发育与二倍体差异较小。以诱导所得混倍体为母本,与四倍体栽培种杂交,杂交F1代为四倍体,其形态学特征及物候发育均介于野生二倍体和四倍体栽培种之间,早期生长与四倍体栽培种相当,优于野生二倍体,繁殖性能与野生二倍体相当,强于四倍体栽培种,分蘖、再生性及干物质产量均强于二倍体,但明显不如四倍体栽培种。以鸭茅野生二倍体为母本,与四倍体栽培种进行杂交,获得的杂交三倍体高度不孕,但早期生长、分蘖、再生等明显优于母本二倍体,杂交三倍体开放传粉后代倍性复杂,混倍体、四倍体和五倍体都有。
Wild diploid cocksfoot （Dactylis glomerata Linn.） is widely distributed in Yunnan Province, China. Germinated seeds （bud length 1-2 cm） of the wild diploid cocksfoot collected in the Nangmu Mountain of Yunnan Province were treated with 0.2 % colchicum to produce mixoploid cocksfoot （diploids and tetraploids cells all kept in a root tip）. The mixoploid had little difference with the diploid in the morphological characters, growth and development. Autotetraploid cocksfoot was obtained from the offspring resulting from free pollination of mixed multiploid, and had larger seeds and stoma than the wild diploid, but showed little difference from the wild diploid in morphology and development. The mixoploid was used as a female parent to cross with tetraploids to produce tetraploid hybrid offspring F1, and the morphological characters and phenophase development of this tetraploid F1 ranged between the wild diploid and the tetraploid cultivar. The F1 grew well at the early stage like the tetraploid cultivar but better than the wild diploid, had similar reproductive performance to the wild diploid but better than the tetraploid cultivar, and showed better abilities for tillering and regeneration and gave higher dry matter yield than the wild diploid but not the tetraploid cultivar which was obviously better than the FI. The hybrid triploid obtained from the crossing of the wild diploid as female parent with the tetraploid cultivar was highly sterile or infertile, but it had better early growth and abilities for tillering and regeneration than the wild diploid. The ploidy of the progeny resulting from the triploid via free pollination was very complicated, and the progeny could be mixoploid, tetraploid or pentraploid.
出处
《热带农业工程》
2009年第3期40-43,共4页
Tropical Agricultural Engineering
基金
云南省自然科学基金资助项目(NO.2006C0050Q)
关键词
野生二倍体鸭茅
染色体加倍
杂交
wild diploid cocksfoot
chromosome doubling
crossing
