摘要
文章介绍了ＡＭＩＰ及参加ＡＭＩＰ的模式的模拟概况，指出几乎所有模式都能够模拟出大尺度大气环流的平均季节结构，但没有任何一个模式在各方面都好，而且模式一般高估了季节循环的方差，低估了年际变率，并且各个模式在模拟不同气候要素的时空变化时彼此差别也较大．文章还重点讨论了云辐射及陆面水文过程，指出观测与模拟的高低云量存在较大差异，而云量可能并不是影响辐射平衡的唯一因子，云的季节变化与气温的年循环存在着正相关．大多数模式对非对流性降水模拟得不好．对ＩＴＣＺ、ＳＰＣＺ及亚洲季风区的位置模拟较好，但雨量与观测值差别较大．另外，没有一个模式能模拟出梅雨雨带．ＡＭＩＰ的各个模式对土壤湿度的处理方法各有不同，但模拟结果彼此差别较大，与仅有的观测值差别也很大．最后对几个主要模式的改进工作及其效果做了总结，并对１９９６年开始的ＡＭＩＰ２的工作方向做了简单介绍．
The AMIP, the AGCMs in the AMIP and the preliminary results simulated by the models in the AMIP are described. lt is shown that although most of the models can simulated the mean seasonal structure of the large scales circulation, no one could do very well on every respect. Generally speaking, the mean square deviation in seasonal cycle is overestimated, the interannual variability is underestimated, and difference in spatial and temporal changes of climatic elements simulated by different climatic modelsare quite large. Cloud radiative forcing and landhydrological process are discussed. There is large difference between simulations and observations in amount of high and low cloud. It shows that the cloud amount may be not the only cause that could affect the radiative balance. There is positive relationship between seasonal changes of cloud and the annual cycle of surface air temperature. Non convective precipitation can not be simulated well for most models. Although the locations of ITCZ, SPCZ and Asian summer monsoon are well simulatcd, there is large difference for rainfall amount between the simulating results and observations. Furthermore, none of the models could simulate Meiyu rain belt. The procedures to simulate the soil moisture vary for different models and the results have great differences and so do the differences between the models and observational data. Finally, the improvement on the main models in the AMIP and their preliminary results are summarized, and the AMIP2 starting from 1996 is introduced simply.
出处
《应用气象学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第A00期92-99,共8页
Journal of Applied Meteorological Science
关键词
大气模式比较
云辐射过程
土壤湿度
气候研究
Atmospheric model intercomparison Cloud radiative process Soil moisture
