摘要
一批鄱阳湖区渔民的历史文书,由一位乡村精英人物整理并保存下来,尖锐地提出了渔业资源争夺问题。历史上,鄱阳湖与周边一批小的"池"、"湖"相通,"渺水"(洪水)期大小水面汇成一片,消除了平时制约乡土人群活动范围和行为方式的地界,造成"湖区业权的季节性模糊"。渔民因越界捕鱼而冲突,不得不由官府加以仲裁。"土改"之后,作为族产的小水面被分解,被组织起来的渔民日益依赖鄱阳湖捕鱼,遂与来自更广泛地域的渔民发生冲突。此后的矛盾越来越凸显为捕渔者绝对人数的增加,1980年代后更因为采取无节制的极端捕鱼手段对捕鱼为生的湖区渔民造成极大的生存威胁和心理震撼。通过梳理"私业"、"官河"与"习惯"捕捞区之间的关系,不仅获得关于湖区水面产权问题的新认识,还意识到由于"水无硬界"的特性和渔民生产的流动性,使他们和以土地为生的农民在生存规则与性格特征方面多有不同,研究中国的"水面问题"时,应该和以往研究"土地问题"的思路及关注有所不同。
In historical documents about fishermen in Poyang Lake Area,collected by a rural elite,the issue of fisheries resources is pointedly raised.In traditional times,Poyang Lake and surrounding small pools and Lakes were connected with each other,which in the period of 'Miao Shui'(floods)merged into one,eliminating boundaries that restricted peacetime activities and behavior of the local population,causing 'seasonally fuzzy Lakes title.' Fishermen came into conflicts due to cross-border fishing,and officials had to arbitrate between them.After the 'Land Reform',as the samll waters of family property were decomposed,the organized Poyang Lake fishermen became increasingly dependent on fishing,so as to conflict with fishermen from the wider regions.Since then the increase of the absolute number of fishermen has developed into the main trouble.What's worse,the emergence of the extremely uncontrolled fishing means in the 1980s threat ened the survival of the Poyang Lake fishermen,creating psychological shock in them.By clarifyng the relationship among Private Fisheries,Registry Rivers and Customary Fishing Areas,the author reaches a new understanding of the property rights to the waters,realizes that because of the feature of 'no fixed boundaries between waters' and mobility in fisheries,there are considerable differences between the fishermen and the peasants living on land in terms of the rules of survival and the personality characteristics.Distinction should be made between the concerns of studies on the water isssue in China and previous studies on the land issue.
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第5期48-60,共13页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
江西师范大学鄱阳湖重点实验室开放基金课题
