摘要
[目的]对从江县巨洞村2006～2007年连续两年局部疟疾暴发流行特征及其影响因素进行分析,探讨科学有效的防控措施。[方法]在暴发点进行流行病学调查,病例搜索,采集居民发热病人及病家人群耳垂血涂血片检查疟原虫,按蚊种群及密度调查,分析当地传播媒介组成和叮人率,调查居民蚊帐使用、露宿习惯、大牲畜情况,了解乡村卫生人员下村巡诊频次和疫情报告情况。采用回顾性调查和现场调查的方法收集相关资料,应用描述流行病学分析方法对暴发原因进行分析。[结果]2006年7月23日～8月19日共发生疟疾病例46例(血检阳性43例,临床诊断病例3例),罹患率6.11%,2007年7月4日～8月5日共发生疟疾病例102例(血检阳性87例,临床诊断病例12例),罹患率12.93%。当地传疟媒介为中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊、微小按蚊,蚊帐使用率平均为41.14%,流行季节乡村卫生人员到该村巡回侦察月平均少于2次。[结论]当地仍存在我国重要传疟媒介,对疟疾病人的治疗不规范和对病灶点处理不彻底,灭疟质量不高,因受火灾后村民居住简陋,自我防护意识薄弱,乡村卫生人员不及时发现和治疗疟疾病例,使传染源的积累,是造成两年内疟疾暴发的主要原因。应加强重点疟区的防治工作,采取以消灭传染源和病灶区灭蚊并重的综合性防治措施,使该类事件不再发生。
[Objective] To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and the influencing factors of the local outbreaks of dysentery in Judong village from 2006 to 2007, and to explore the scientific effective prevention and control measures. [ Methods] Epidemiologic investigation and collection of patients were performed in tile villages with dysentery outbreak, and earlap blood of residents and their families who have a fever were collected to check plasmodium. Investigation were carried out according to the mosquito species and their densities to analyze the composition of local spread mediums and the man-biting rate of mosquito. The utilization of mosquito-curtain, bivouac habit and the situation of large livestock were investigated as well as the frequency of rural medical members to visit villagers and the reports of infectious disease were researched. Related data was collected by retrospective review and on spot investigation, while the outbreak reasons were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. [Results] 46 dysentery cases including 43 eases with blood positive and 3 cases by clinic diagnosed occurred from July 23th to October 19th in 2006, whose suffering rate was 6.11%. 102 dysentery cases ineluding 87 blood positive and 12 clinic diagnosed occurred from July 4th to October 5th in 2007, of which the suffering rate was 12.93%. The local spread mediums were Zhonghua anopheles, Shiren anopheles and micro anopheles. The average utilization rate of mosquito-curtain was 41.14%. Village health officers went to this village for diagnosis was less than 2 times per month. [ Conclusion ] There is still dysentery spread medium in Judong village. The main reasons of malaria for two years in this village are lack of thorough treatment of focus of infection and untandard treatment of the patients with malaria, low quality of destroying malaria, lack seE-protection consciousness, poor living conditions after fire as well as non-promptly finding and treating of cases with malaria due to accumulation of infection sources. Preventio
出处
《现代预防医学》
CAS
北大核心
2008年第18期3629-3631,共3页
Modern Preventive Medicine
关键词
疟疾
暴发
分析
Malaria
Outbreak
Analysis
