摘要
[目的]对黔南地区人畜共患传染病的自然史和发病态势进行描述与分析,为控制策略的制定提供科学依据。[方法]应用描述流行病学方法,描述人畜共患传染病在不同时间、空间的分布,并计算发病率、构成比以及动态数列。[结果]1957～2006年黔南地区报告发生人畜共患传染病7种26350例,平均发病率18.54/10万,发病曲线呈不规则波形;按年代划分,20世纪70、80两个年代病例居多,占累计总病例数构成的70.12%;不同病种发病数量在州辖12个县(市)中分布不匀,其中的钩端螺旋体病、流行性出血热、炭疽病有明显的地区性,而流行性乙型脑炎、狂犬病、地方性班疹伤寒普遍分布,人感染猪链球菌不仅数量极少,并且仅限于罗甸县;按病例数多寡排列,依次为钩端螺旋体病、炭疽病、流行性乙型脑炎、狂犬病等4种,占累计总病例数构成的97.66%。[结论]黔南地区具备的自然环境、发展滞后的农耕模式、人群健康意识亟待提高的社会现象共同融合在一起,为人畜共患传染病的世代延续与流行循环提供了生态学基础。病种构成和发病数量显示,钩端螺旋体病、炭疽病、流行性乙型脑炎、狂犬病作为常见病与多发病对人群的危害是显著的。
[Objective] To analyze the natural history, and epidemic situation of zoonosis and to provide scientific basis for formulating a control strategy of zoonosis in Qiannan Prefecture of Guizhou Province. [ Methods] The descriptive epidemiology method was used to describe the distribution of zoonosis in different time and space. The morbidity, constituent ratio and dynamic ordered of zoonosis were calculated. [ Results] 26 350 cases of seven kinds of zoonosis were reported between 1957- 2006 in Qiannan Prefecture. The average morbidity was 18.54/100 000, and the morbidity curve appeared irregular type. According to the year delimitation, the number of case in the 70s and 80s of 20th century was the majority, it occupied 70.12% of all accumulation cases. The distribution of the zoonosis morbidity was unequally in 12 counties （cities） of this prefecture. The leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, anthrax had obvious regional distribution, but epidemic encephalitis B, rabies and endemic typhus had universal distribution. Human infected pig streptococcicosis suis was found only in Luodian County. The arrangement in order was leptospirosis, anthrax, epidemic encephalitis B and rabies respectively, according to the number of zoonosis cases and they occupied 97.66% cases as above in this prefecture. [Conclusion] The zoonosis epidemic is very. serious in Qiarman Prefecture. It should be paid great attention to its prevention and control.
出处
《现代预防医学》
CAS
北大核心
2008年第17期3270-3272,共3页
Modern Preventive Medicine
