摘要
区分中西方人格结构的共性与特异性及其性质是心理学研究中国化的重要理论问题。本文首先总结了中西方人格结构的五因素(大五)与七因素模型的建立过程及词汇学途径的内在逻辑,依据人格结构的行为归类假设,提出中西方人格结构的差异源自对行为进行归类的标准或原则的差异。其次,根据相关的实证研究结果,对中西方人格结构的"共性"与"特异性"的性质进行了分析,认为它们仅在具体行为或量表项目水平上才有区分的意义,对人格因素(维度)水平上的"共性"与"特异性"的区分是无法做到的,也是没有意义的。文中还讨论了心理学研究中国化的重要性。
This article was aimed at extending the etic -emic hypothesis of cross - cultural differences of personality structure. The essentials of the differences between Chinese - Western personality structures was clarified by （1） hackling the theoretical hypothesis and empirical methods of the establishment of Big Five and Five Factor Model of Western personality, and the confirmation of Big Seven Model of Chinese personality model, and differences of Chinese - Western personality structures were explained by lexical and behavior classification hypothesis; （2） Attributing the etic -emic explanation of Chinese - Western personality differences as results of different standards of behavior classification for Chinese and Westerners, as the process of classification were influenced significantly by cultures; and （3） Reviewing empirical evidences for the etic - emic components of Chinese - Western personality structures. Further research directions in personality was also discussed.
In the first part of the article, a process model combined lexical and behavior classification hypothesis was proposed and was explained as underlying basis of both Chinese and Western personality structure exploration. After the complete collection of personality trait adjectives, personality structure were extracted along the ratings of subjects, and factor analysis were usually applied to extract the dimensions of personality. This process of personality exploration was a ＂ bottom- up＂ fashion, and the Big Five model of Western personality was established this way. Another fashion of personality exploration was essentially ＂top - down＂, that is, theorists proposed dimensions of, and factors included and typical behaviors for each factors of personality were also prop osed. The Five Factor M odel of Western personality was established this way. Meanwhile, the Chinese Seven Factor Model of personality were also established in the way of ＂ bottom - up＂.
It was proposed that implicit principles of behavior classificat
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第3期327-338,共12页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
关键词
人格结构
共性-特异性
行为归类
人格大五模型
人格七因素结构.
personality structure, etic - emic, behavior classification, Big- Five, Seven Factor structure of Chinese personality.
