摘要
从中西方文化中的人性假设出发重新审视中西方文化差异和心理社会行为差异,本研究表明:中国文化中的人性本善假设使得中国人的心理社会行为出现了一种原发性的焦虑,并造成了中国人注重道德评价、关注环境影响以及较多防御反应的特点;而西方文化中的人性本恶假设则使得西方人有一种原发性的随意和放松,并造就了西方人关注行为和事物本身特点、关注目标特点及较少防御反应的特点。前者被称为"性善文化",而后者则被称作"性恶文化"。通过对个人主义-集体主义概念的重新审视,不仅支持了对中西方"性善-性恶文化"的界定,而且也深化了对上述概念的认识,同时我们还对心理学研究的中国化及全面梳理西方心理学概念的需要进行了讨论。
The purpose of the paper is to reanalyze the nature of differences between Western and Chinese cultures and its corresponding differences of psychosocial behaviors in a new perspective of human nature assumption. The basic assumptions on human nature are discussed based on the biological aspect of genes as selfish, and human nature is quite different in Western and Chinese cultures, and the only difference between Chinese and Western cultures is the beginning of human nature assumption as virtuous or as vicious. In Chinese culture, the beginning of human nature assumption as virtuous made the Chinese great burden on ＂becoming a person＂, and the Chinese having had the innate anxiety on their behaviors, and pay much attention to the evaluation of the moral nature of behaviors for themselves and the others. In contrast, the beginning of human nature assumption as vicious let the Westerners a easy way to ＂being a person＂, as the vicious nature made them an innate easy-going and extrovert style of behaviors because of the closeness between human nature assump tion and the biological basis of genes. So the Westerners could pay more attention to the objective aspects of behaviors for themselves and the others. Implications of this assumption on re-clarification of several important concepts about cultural differences, e. g. , individualism and collectivism, are also discussed.
出处
《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第1期1-7,共7页
Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
人性论
性善-性恶文化
中西方文化差异
个人主义-集体主义
human nature assumption
virtuous-vicious culture
difference between Chinese and Western cultures
individualism-collectivism
