摘要
心理学总是围绕着它的最基本问题即意识问题而展开。自然主义的知识社会学背景使得主流心理学家把意识看作是"自然的",意识存在等同于或类似于自然存在,受制于自然存在所服从的时空法则和因果关系。现象学认为,意识的重要性在于意识先于世界的"本体先在性"以及它的根本的指向性,即意向性。心理学不仅需要研究特定的意识经验的内容,还需要研究意识经验的动作以及在意义所指的活动中意识经验的本质特征。
Western mainstream psychology was born of the complex of naturalism. It was unable to resist the temptation of naturalism, of an extrinsic imitation of the model of natural science. It turned out mainstream psychology had excessively imitated physics, simply emphasized empirical research and not noticed the fundamentality of direct and pure description of consciousness. Mainstream psychologists at large presented three tendencies when they did psychological research as a result of naturalism, namely, decomposing, operating and quantifying of psychological phenomena. Psychologists considered consciousness as ＂nature＂. Consciousness was equal to the being of nature. It was enslaved to the rule and causality by which the being of nature must obey. One could transfer private mental events into the function among observable physical events. The secret of consciousness could be found out by controlled physical events. In this way, psychology must be faced with the risk of distorting and lacking consciousness.
出处
《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第4期135-140,共6页
Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
科学心理学
意识自然化
意向性
现象学方法
scientific psychology
naturalizing consciousness
intentionality
phenomenological method
