摘要
士作为知识与智能的承载者,其治生类型大致可概括为本业治生与异业治生两种。明代士人的异业治生,主要包括耕读传家、医卜杂艺、工贾自食三种方式。由于本业治生途径的狭窄、收益低下与不稳定,中国传统社会的士人形成了"重异轻本"的治生理念。这一理念随着明代社会的变迁与商品经济的发展渐趋深化,并呈现出由重"耕"向重"贾"的演变趋势。这种演变一定程度上提升了士人的生存能力,促动了其社会人格的相对独立。但与此同时,也加深了士人对异业治生的依赖程度,导致其经济人格的渐趋软弱与社会人格独立的相对有限,并成为影响近世中国知识分子群体生存与发展的一个内在因素。
The ways of making a living by intellectuals could be divided into the professional and unprofessional. Unpro-fessional ways, specially the cultivation of farmland, occupied a very important position in ancient China. But in late Ming times, intellectuals began to choose commerce as the first choice of livelihood. The change extended their scope of life, made them more economically and socially independent, but that deepened their reliance on unprofessional liv-ing, which had some negative influence on the formation of personality of modern intellectuals.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第8期96-102,共7页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
明代
士人
异业治生
经济人格
Ming dynasty
intellectual
unprofessional ways of livelihood
economical character
