摘要
通过体外产气试验和奶牛饲养试验研究了4种不同处理复合稻草块的消化率及其对奶牛采食量和产奶性能的影响.复合稻草块的调制:①稻草块Ⅰ由74.2%的稻草、20.4%混合精料等压块调制而成;②稻草块Ⅱ、Ⅲ是将稻草块Ⅰ中10%的稻草分别用青贮玉米、混合精料等量替代(按DM计)调制而成;③稻草块Ⅳ的组成与稻草块Ⅰ相同,仅在压块时额外添加10%的水分,以降低其硬度.试验1,通过体外产气法测定了稻草块Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和苜蓿草块的体外产气量(GP)、产气参数、体外有机物消化率(OMD)及代谢能(ME).试验2,选取25头初产荷斯坦泌乳母牛采用随机区组设计按产犊日期、产奶量一致原则等分为5组,对照组用奶牛场常规日粮饲喂,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别用稻草块Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ等量替代苜蓿草块,每头替代量为2.7 kg?d-1(DM计),试验期49 d.结果表明,稻草块Ⅱ(P>0.05)和稻草块Ⅲ(P<0.05)的GP24、GP48、OMD、ME均明显高于稻草块Ⅰ,但仍低于苜蓿草块(P<0.05),产气滞后时间低于稻草块Ⅰ(P>0.05),且明显短于苜蓿草块(P>0.05),补充青贮玉米、精料或降低硬度可显著提高对稻草块的采食量,提高幅度分别为78.4%(P<0.01)、75.0%(P<0.01)、43.8%(P<0.01).相应的,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的产奶量、4%标准乳产量和乳脂率与试验Ⅰ组相比,有明显提高趋势(P>0.05),且明显高于对照组(P>0.05).综上所述,给复合稻草块适量补充青贮玉米或增加精料比例能有效提高其采食量、有机物消化率及代谢能,并达到略优于苜蓿草块的饲喂效果.
In vitro gas production trial and a feeding trial with dairy cows were proposed to investigate the digestibility of compound rice straw-based blocks with different treatments and their effects on the feed intake and milk performance of dairy cows. The treatments of rice straw-based blocks were as follow： （i） Rice straw block Ⅰ was composed of 74.2% rice straw treated with chemicals, 20.4% concentrate mixture and 3.3 % minerals premixture; （ii） Ten percent rice straw from rice straw block Ⅰ was equally substituted by corn silage or concentrate for rice straw block Ⅱ or Ⅲ ; （iii） Additional 10% water was supplemented to rice straw block Ⅳ. based on the straw block Ⅰ , in order to decrease the rigidity of the straw block. In trial 1, the in vitro gas production （GP）, in vitro organic matter digestibility （OMD） and metabolizable energy （ME） of rice straw block Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ and alfalfa block were measured. In trial 2, according to the similarity of calving date and milk yields, 25 primiparous Holstein cows were divided into five equal groups in a randomized block design with 49 days period. The general diet of dairy farm was fed to cows of control. The alfalfa block （2.7 kg·d^-1 ） was substituted respectively by rice straw block Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ or Ⅳ as treatments. The results showed that, the GP24, GP48, OMD and ME of rice straw block Ⅱ and Ⅲ were obviously higher than those of rice straw block Ⅰ , but lower than those of alfalfa block （P〈0.05）. The lag time of rice straw block Ⅱ and Ⅲ was evidently shorter than that of rice straw block Ⅰ （P〉0.05） and alfalfa block （P〉0.05）. The dry matter intake of rice straw blocks was significantly increased by 78.4% （P〈0.01）, 75.0% （P〈0.01） and 43.8 % （P〈0.01） due to the supplementation of corn silage, concentrate or the decreased rigidity of rice straw block. Consequently, the milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk yield and milk fat percent of treatment Ⅱ and Ⅲ tended to be higher as
出处
《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第6期671-676,共6页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences
基金
浙江省重大科技攻关资助项目(011102193)
国家科技部农业科技成果转化资金资助项目(04EFN213300117)
关键词
复合稻草块
采食量
消化率
产奶性能
奶牛
compound rice straw-based block
feed intake
digestibility
milk performance
dairy cattle
