摘要
Mollusks, arthropods and chordates which were visible to the naked eye were observed and collected in Dongbei and Shuijiang caves of Libo county five times between February and July from 2002 to 2005. Four hundred and forty samples from Dongbei Cave were classified into three phyla, five classes, 10 orders, 20 families and 39 species or groups of species. Four hundred and ninety-eight samples from Shuijiang Cave were classified into three phyla, six classes, 11 orders, 20 families and 25 species or groups of species. Six animal communities were identified in the light belt of the two caves according to their species types and numbers of individuals in the light belt of two cave. The communities which have the highest values of species richness community diversity, maximum diversity, evenness, dominance and community similarity are respectively： B （4. 1059）, H （2.4716）, B （3.3322）, E （0.9042）, C （0.3442） and A - C （0. 5251）. The community diversity and correlation of environmental factors were also studied. The temperature, humidity, content of CO2 and N2, content of organic matter and some inorganic salts in soil were analyzed by Pearson correlation. The results showed that the content of organic matter in soil is positively related to species number, species richness and maximum community diversity, with correlations of 0. 885, 0.909, 0. 868 respectively （two-tailed significance test, P ≤ 0. 05）, and significantly positively related to diversity, with the coefficient of 0.611, （two-tailed significance test, P ≤ 0. 1）. This suggests that the content of organic matter in soil is one of the important elements influencing the community variation of cave animals. Outside the cave, temperature and humidity are important factors impacting on community diver- sity. As the temperature in all seasons in the cave is stable and the humidity is always high （above 90% ）, the temperature and humidity have weak correlation to community diversity in caves.
在2002—2005年的2月和7月共5次赴荔波董背洞和水江洞对肉眼能见到的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集,在董背洞共获标本440号,隶属3门5纲10目20科39种或类群;在水江洞共获标本498号,隶属3门6纲11目20科25种或类群。根据上述两洞内各光带中动物种类和数量组成不同,将其划分为6个动物群落,经群落多样性分析,物种丰富度、群落多样性、最大多样性、均匀度、优势度和相似性指数最高的分别是群落B(4·1059)、H(2·4716)、B(3·3322)、E(0·9042)、C(0·3442)和A—C(0·5251)。此外还研究了群落多样性与部分环境因子的相关性,如温度、湿度、空气中CO2和N2含量、土壤有机质和部分无机盐含量等。用Pearson相关系数进行分析,结果显示土壤中有机质的含量与物种数、物种丰富度和群落最大多样性指数都呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0·885、0·909和0·868(双尾显著性检验均P≤0·05),与群落多样性指数呈显著正相关,相关系数为0·611(双尾显著性检验,P≥0·1),由此证明土壤有机质的含量是影响洞穴动物群落变化的重要因子之一;在地表,温、湿度是影响动物群落多样性变化的重要因子,但在特殊的溶洞内由于洞尾段的温度四季较稳定和整个洞穴内的湿度均较高,故与群落多样性的相关性不显著。
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30560024)
贵州省省长基金资助项目(黔科教办[2005]14号)
