摘要
织金洞由于洞穴内碳酸钙沉积形态多样，洞外喀斯特景观组合完好，成为我国著名的旅游洞。本文通过分析该地区新构造抬升及河流下切引起的水动力效应，探讨喀斯待发育与洞穴形成演化的成生联系。由于新构造运动强烈的间歇性抬升，区域侵蚀基面下降，喀斯特回春峰，丛洼地、峡谷向深发育，谷坡洞穴层层分布。在岩层平缓、节理发育的条件下，地下河下切与崩塌作用相结合是地下喀斯特向地表喀斯特转化的重要方式，即对洞穴通道的扩大和峡谷的形成起着决定性的控制作用。第四纪以来的水系变迁与河流袭夺是该区洞穴形成发育的根本动力。结合织金洞大形态的地质构造控制特点和碳氧同位素年代测定与古环境分析，发现：在早更新世中晚期，随干流六冲河的下切，以结河下游潜伏地下形成夹岩洞和龙吸洞，新寨河下游相应形成黄家岩洞；中更新世早期，该河流继续下切、变迁、袭夺并伴有崩塌作用，形成了横跨在峡谷上的双层天生桥，织金洞主洞和黑洞也属这一期的产物；中更新世中期，新寨河逐渐被以结河袭夺，织金洞由于较大的枯洪水位变幅引起频繁的崩塌，形成大厅；中更新世晚期，洞穴脱水，碳酸钙沉积形态广泛发育，直至全新世。
The Zhijin Cave is a quite well-known tourist cave in China for its large size,beautiful deco-rations and fantastic karst and caves around.This paper looks at the genetic relationship betweenkarst development and caves formation and focuses On the hydraulic effect of karst landscapes inresponse to the neotectonic uplift and the rivers incision in the Zhijin Cave area.With the in-tense,intermittent uplift accompanied by the frequent lowerings of local base-level,karstificationin the area adjacent to those major rivers has been rejuvenated,which gives rise to a deepwarddevelopment and accordingly a stepped occurrence of karst landscapes,The passage-leveled caveswith phreatic features on the valley slope are also produced in this way.When possibility is greatwhich is achieved by a combination of gentle dip and heavy joint of the limestone,the incisionand collapse processes are of very important ways fOr underground karst toward surface landscapeand also of great contribution to cave passage enlargement.The river capture from evidences offossil drainage system suggested that it was a long time for the origin,formation and develop-ment of caves in the area.Examining geological control on the Zhijin Cave passages and varia-tions of oxygen and carbon stable isotopes from the speleothem,the paper concludes with agrowth model for the karst and caves in the area.
出处
《中国岩溶》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第3期281-292,共12页
Carsologica Sinica
