摘要
目的研究猪头颈部的血管解剖学特点,探讨在人脑血管病研究中的意义。方法对6头家猪进行头颈部血管造影和解剖,观察解剖学特点。结果猪的颈总动脉干起自头臂干,然后发出双侧颈总动脉,后者发出咽升动脉和颈外动脉。椎动脉起自作锁骨下动脉。猪脑主要由双侧咽升动脉供血,咽升动脉发出枕动脉后在蝶鞍两侧破裂孔处形成微血管网(RMB),两侧RMB相互交通,然后再汇聚成颈内动脉,供应脑的血运。颈外动脉系统通过RA、AA与RMB构成交通,进一步与颅内颈内动脉相交通。椎动脉与枕动脉和咽升动脉的咽支,颅内的脑动脉之间也存在着吻合。结论应用猪可以建立脑动静脉畸形和动脉瘤模型,用于研究其血流动力学、病理生理学及栓塞材料的实验研究和介入神经放射学医生培训。但是,在模拟脑动静脉畸形形态学和血流动力学方面,模型还存在一些不足。应用猪不适合进行缺血性脑血管病的研究。
Objective To study the head and neck vascular anatomic-structures of domestic swine and investigate their application in research on human cerebrovascular diseases. Methods Head and neck angiography and anatomical examination were performed in 6 domestic swines, and their anatomical characteristics were described here. Results In swine, bilateral common carotid arteries originate from the brachiocephalic trunk, then issue the ascending pharyngeal and external arteries. Both vertebral arteries originate from subclavian arteries. The brain is mainly supplied by bilateral pharyngeal arteries. The pharyngeal arteries form rete mirabile （RMB） at sphenotic foramens on both sides of the sphenoid saddle, then RMB reconstitutes into bilateral internal carotid arteries supplying the brain and there is inter-communicant between bilateral RMB. The external arterial system form communication with RMB, further with intracranial internal carotid arteries, by means of ramus anastomotieus （RA） and arteria anastomotica （AA）. There are anastomoses among vertebral and occipital arteries and the pharyngeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery. There also exist anastomoses among intraeranial arteries. Conclusions Cerebral arterio,cenous malformation （AVM）and aneurysm model could be constructed in swine for experimental studies in hemodynamics, pathophysiology and embolie material studies, and for interventional neurosurgeon trainings. Nevertheless, there are some inadequacies in swine arteriovenous malformation model in terms of morphological and hemodynamic simulations of AVMs. It is unsuitable for cerebral infarction researches.
出处
《中国比较医学杂志》
CAS
2006年第4期208-210,F0003,共4页
Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine
关键词
猪
头颈
解剖学
脑血管病
模型
动物
Swine
Head and neck
Anatomy
Model, cerebral vascular diseases
