摘要
空间运输联系是指在自然、社会、经济诸要素综合作用下，区域间通过交通运输设施进行旅客和货物交流产生的相互联系与作用。采用定量与定性相结合的实证分析方法，本文研究了客货运输的地域分布特征、地域间交流联系生成的内在机制、基本类型和增长演变的趋势，划分出客运联系“单中心”、“多中心”，货运联系“互补性交流”、“竞争性交流”、“递接性交流等类型，并提出了非均衡系数、集中度、首位联系量等评价指标。
In this paper, the distribution and exchange regularities of transport linkage are studied. The results are mainly obtained by means of studying systematically domestic and foreign data which cover nearly half century. Moreover, Several quantitative indexes are used, such as 'distribution ratio','Unbalanced coefficient ','concentration degree ', ' Primary linkage volume 'As results of the experimental research, the spatial distribution of traffic shows followng features: 1. The spatial distribution of traffic is unbalanced,which is closely related to the distributions of population, GDP or GNP. But the distribtuion of passenger traffic is very different from that of freight traffic. ① The spatial concentration of passenger traffic is higher than that of population and GNP. In six coordinated economic regions, for example, the unbalanced coefficients of population (δP.),GNP(δGNP),and passenger traffic(δT) are 8. 69, 9. 98, 10. 56 respectively. Another example is that in Japan,the δP,δGNP and δT are 5. 54, 6. 68 and 8. 34 respectively. ② The spatial concentration of freight traffic is lower than that of population and GDP. The unbalanced coefficient of freight traffic(δF) of China is 7. 33,the δF of Japan is 3. 2. Both are lower than their δP,δGNP and δGNP 2. The historical development of traffic distribution has two stages, In the first stage which is characterized by the beginning of industrialization, the spatial distribution of traffic becomes more and more concentrated. However, in the second stage which is characterized by industrialization and postindustrialization .the spatial distribution of traffic becomes more and more balanced. In China. for example, the concentration index of distribution of passenger traffic(IT) changed from 0. 4017(1965) to 0. 4252(1980). Since then the IT decreased,and the value decreased to 0. 4087 in 1988. 3. The spatial distribution of traffic is closely related to the distribution of industries, regional economic scale and structures. The study results show that t
出处
《地理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第6期490-499,共10页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
分布规律
交流规律
客运
货运
空间运输联关
Transport linkage, Distribution regularity, Exchange regularity, Unbalanced coefficient, Interdependent exchange
