摘要
文章基于世界投入产出数据库提供的多区域投入产出表,利用多区域投入产出模型从技能、来源地和部门等角度,考察了1995-2009年中国中间品出口对本国就业结构的影响。文章的主要发现有:第一,从技能来看,"入世"后中间品出口引致的中国就业技能结构被外贸逆转了,而且国际比较显示,中国中间品出口的比较优势还是依赖于低技能劳动力产品。第二,从来源地来看,出口到欧盟的中间品为中国创造的就业最多;出口到北美地区的中间品创造的就业远低于最终品,这说明中国与北美的生产分工与协作相对松散。第三,从部门来看,制造业部门出口创造的就业中中间品所占比重远低于中国总进口中中间品所占比重,这说明中国的制造业部门在全球生产网络中更多地是作为出口制造平台而存在;服务部门中间品出口创造的就业增幅较大。为此,从提升就业技能结构的角度看,中国应该加大人力资本的投资和积累的力度;从改善就业来源地结构的角度看,中国要培育在关键零部件方面的竞争力以加强与发达国家的生产协作;从优化就业部门结构的角度看,中国要大力发展服务外包与生产性服务业。
Based on multi-region input-output tables from World Input-Output Database,this paper analyzes the effects of export of intermediate goods on China's employment structure from 1995 to 2009from the perspectives of skills,sources and sectors.It arrives at the conclusions as follows:firstly,from the perspective of skills,China's employment skill structure resulting from export of intermediate goods is reversed by foreign trade after China's entry into WTO,and international comparison implies that China's comparative advantages in intermediate goods still rely on low-skilled labor products;secondly,from the perspective of sources,EU export of intermediate goods brings China the most employment,and North American export of intermediate goods brings lower employment than final goods,indicating relatively loose production division and cooperation between China and North America;thirdly,from the perspective of sectors,the export of intermediate goods in manufacturing brings much lower employment than aggregate import of intermediate goods,showing that manufacturing sectors in China are regarded as export manufacturing platform in global production network;the employment resulting from the export of intermediate goods in services sectors increases greatly.Therefore,from the perspective of the improvement of employment skill structure,China should advance the strength of investment and accumulation of human capital;from the perspective of the improvement of employment sources structure,China should cultivate the competitiveness in aspect,namely key components,to intensify the production cooperation with developed countries;from the perspective of the optimization of employment sector structure,China should make efforts to develop services outsourcing and producer services.
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第11期133-144,共12页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目"产业升级与城市升级:基于全球价值链与全球城市网络视角的研究"(71303197)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"要素成本上升背景下我国外贸中长期发展趋势研究"(13JZD010)
福建省社会科学规划资助项目(青年博士论文项目)(2014C044)
关键词
中间品出口
就业结构
多区域投入产出模型
export of intermediate goods
employment structure
multi-regional input-output model
