摘要
高峰期景区游客分流一直是国内外景区管理的热点问题。景区管理者通过分流调度资源的合理分配,引导控制游客在景区的分布,使景区各景点负荷均衡,而高峰期景区的分流资源通常无法满足景点游客的需求。本文根据景区分流资源的特性,统一确定了景区的分流能力,构建了景区景点需求与调度资源的引力分流调度模型,提出了基于引力模型的分流调度算法,并以九寨沟为例进行实证分析。该算法在优先满足需求景点的负荷均衡的同时,考虑了游客因等待产生的满意度惩罚。算法利用引力模型计算出景点与资源点的引力测度值,并以测度值为依据,按景点负荷降序对分流资源进行匹配调度,确保负荷率高的景点优先获得与之匹配度高的分流资源。由选取的九寨沟实证景点分析表明,以景点与资源点引力测度为依据进行调度,比目前单独以景点人数、资源距离或资源分流能力为调度依据更有效。本文的研究将为旅游管理决策者和对该领域感兴趣的研究者提供参考。
Tourists' shunt scheduling during peak seasons has always been a hot topic in scenic areas management both home and abroad. This is because tourism peak seasons generally appear in the middle of long vacations with short spans,powerful explosive forces and high concentrations,which would cause great damage to ecological environment. To balance loads,scenic spot managers control tourist's distribution through scheduling reasonable allocation of resources to pilot the distribution of tourists in an area. However,the shunt scheduling of resources fail to satisfy visitors' shunt needs. In accordance with the characteristics of scheduling resources,this paper identified scenic 's shunt capacity in a unified way,constructed a gravity shunt scheduling model between scenic spots' demand and scheduling resources,put forwards an algorithm based on gravity model,and made an empirical analysis of Jiuzhaigou. With a priority of balancing the loads spots,This algorithm also considered tourists satisfaction punishment due to waiting. It applied the gravity model to calculate the gravitational measure value,and matched the shunt resources based on the value in the attraction load's descending sequence to ensure that high load attractions have the priority to get the shunt resources which have a high matching degree. The result of the empirical analysis of selected attractions shows that scheduling the resources on the basis of gravitational measure value would be more effective than only based on tourist number,distance or resource's shunt ability. This study would be great value to tourism management decision makers and researchers interested in this area of research.
出处
《旅游科学》
CSSCI
2013年第6期39-51,共13页
Tourism Science
基金
国家高技术研究发展(863计划)重大项目"基于时空分流管理模式的RFID技术在自然生态保护区和地震遗址的应用研究"(2008AA04A107)
国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目"面向西部旅游经济与生态环境可持续发展的低碳景区集成管理模式研究"(71020107027)
国家自然科学基金面上项目"景区旅游高峰期游客潮流分布优化控制管理策略研究"(71371130)
关键词
高峰期
调度
游客分流
时空负荷
引力模型
peak season
scheduling
tourists shunt
spatial-temporal load
gravity model
