摘要
自公元5世纪到公元10世纪的时间里,罗马法的权威完全失落了。但是,罗马法的实际作用并未完全消亡,法律学习也以辅助的形式在中世纪的学校中延续着。到11世纪末,罗马法"奇迹"般地复兴了,并且逐渐发展为欧洲各民族世俗生活的"共同法"。这种奇迹的背后有着深刻的历史原因。12世纪发展起来的经院哲学提出了一种协调上帝意志与世俗理性之关系的自然法学说,从而为包括法学在内的一切世俗科学的发展扫清了障碍。在深受经院哲学影响的前后期注释法学派那里,大量的法律素材经由各种辨证工具的处理或加工正在被赋予日益浓厚的理性色彩——它们为近代真正意义的法律科学体系的形成奠定了坚实的基础。13世纪以后,评注法学的研究逐渐促成了一个以罗马法为主体,并且融合了一些教会法和地方法的欧洲"共同法"体系的形成——它是一座自然法的宝藏,为法学家、法官和律师们提供了取之不尽的法渊、法律技术和几乎一切法律科学的素材。
From the 5th century to the 10th century,the authority of roman law collapsed completely.But the practical function of roman law didn't disappear to- tally and the legal study continued at the medieval school in a subsidiary form.At the end of the 11th century,the roman law revived miraculously and developed into the'ius commune'of secular lives of all the European nations.Behind this mira- cle,there were profound historical reasons.The scholasticism developed from the 12th century put forward a doctrine of natural law to intermediate the relationship between the divine will and the secular reason,which stroke the way for all the sec- ular sciences including the jurisprudence.In the Glossators and post-Glossators, fairly influenced by the scholasticism,a great deal of legal materials,through the processing of various dialectic means,were colored with increasingly rational ele- ments,which made the foundation for the real system of the modern legal science. After the 13th century,the studies of the commentators gradually promoted the mak- ing of ius commune with the roman law as its backbone and some of church and local laws also embraced in it.The ius commune was a treasury of natural law,which pro- vided for jurists,judges and lawyers inexhaustible legal sources,legal technics and almost all the materials of legal science.
出处
《北大法律评论》
2005年第2期202-229,共28页
Peking University Law Review
关键词
中世纪
罗马法
共同法
medieval
roman law
ius commune
