摘要
针对当前丘陵山区辣椒生产中手工栽植劳动强度高、机械化移栽"无机可用"的现实问题,结合贵州辣椒种植的农艺要求,以某型号的吊杯鸭嘴式移栽机为试验机,在绥阳县开展了田间辣椒移栽作业试验,完成了株距、栽深、撕膜情况及田间垄面平整情况等方面测试。结果表明:移栽后株距合格率100%,变异系数为12.2%,栽深合格率为80%,变异系数为14.6%,株距和栽深不稳定;纵向撕膜口平均尺寸为139.2mm,是移栽苗平均苗冠99.67mm的1.4倍,相对苗冠较大;垄面纵向高度差异性较大。根据测试样机田间试验结果与山地作业适应性分析,提出了升降底盘、栽深自动控制系统及鸭嘴栽植器关键部件的改进建议。研究结果对丘陵山区辣椒机与移栽农艺的融合发展具有一定的指导意义。
Aiming at the practical problems of high labor intensity of manual planting and"inorganic availability"of mechanized transplanting in the production of pepper in hilly mountainous areas,and the agronomic requirements of pepper planting in Guizhou,a certain type of hanging cup duck beak transplanting machine was used as a testing machine.A field pepper transplanting operation test was carried out in Suiyang County.The tests of plant spacing,planting depth,tear film,and field ridge flatness,plant spacing were completed.The results showed that after transplanting,the qualified rate of plant spacing is 100%,the coefficient of variation is 12.2%,the qualified rate of planting depth is 80%,the coefficient of variation is 14.6%.The plant spacing and the planting depth are instability.The average size of longitudinal tearing film is 139.2 mm,which is 1.4 times of the average seedling crown of transplanted seedlings of 99.67 mm,which is larger relative to the seedling crown.The longitudinal height of ridge has greater difference.According to the field test results of the test prototype and the adaptability analysis of the mountain operation,the improvement suggestions of the lifting chassis,the automatic control system of planting depth and the key components of the duckbill planter are proposed.The results of this study have some guiding significance for the fusion,the development of pepper transplanter and the transplanting agronomy in hilly mountainous area.
作者
喻丽华
徐志波
韩忠禄
潘东彪
张富贵
Yu Lihua;Xu Zhibo;Han Zhonglu;Pan Dongbiao;Zhang Fugui(College of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550001,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2020年第10期184-188,194,共6页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
贵州省农业科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2325号)
贵州省农业产业技术体系建设专项(2018)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2019]5616号)
贵州省普通高等学校工程研究中心建设项目(黔教合KY字[2017]015).
关键词
辣椒
移栽机
农机农艺融合
丘陵山区
pepper
transplanter
integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery
hilly mountainous areas
