摘要
针对插拔式取苗机构单靠取苗爪插入钵体夹取苗时,因受钵体与穴盘之间粘附力和盘根性不佳双重影响,造成取苗成功率低、钵体破碎率高的问题,提出了一种顶夹拔组合式取苗技术,阐述了取苗装置结构和工作原理,开展了顶夹拔组合式取苗试验研究。首先以72孔和128孔黄瓜穴盘苗为试验对象,通过顶压脱盘粘附力试验,测试了不同顶苗速度(10、20、30、40 mm/s)下黄瓜苗的脱盘粘附力以及顶压脱离位移,试验结果表明:顶苗速度对于苗钵粘附力及脱离位移影响不大,粘附力与苗钵脱离位移呈正相关,两种规格穴盘苗顶苗脱离位移平均值分布在5.5~6.9 mm之间,综合考虑苗盘落水孔直径和顶压脱盘粘附力试验结果,确定顶杆直径为6 mm,顶杆顶苗位移需大于5 mm。其次以生长周期为25 d的72孔黄瓜穴盘苗为试验对象,开展了先顶后取、边顶边取、先插后顶3种取苗模式试验,结果表明:先顶后取模式下取苗成功率和钵体完整率最高。最后以顶杆顶入位移、取苗爪插入苗钵取苗深度及插入取苗速度为试验因素,开展了三因素三水平正交试验,通过极差分析和方差分析得出顶夹拔取苗装置的最优工作参数组合为:顶入位移为15 mm、插入苗钵深度为35 mm,插入取苗速度为225 mm/s,此组合下取苗成功率94.12%,苗钵完整率94.12%,满足了自动取苗高质量要求。
For the plug-in seedling picking mechanism,when the seedling claws are inserted into the pot to pick up the seedlings,the success rate of seedling picking is low and the pot is broken due to the double influence of the adhesion between the pot and the plug and the poor packing.In order to solve the problem of high rate,a combined seedling picking technology with top clamping and pulling was proposed,the structure and working principle of the seedling picking device were expounded,and the experimental research on the combined top clamping and pulling seedling picking was carried out.Firstly,the 72-hole and 128-hole cucumber plug seedlings were used as the test objects,and the adhesion of the cucumber seedlings at different top seedling speeds(10 mm/s,20 mm/s,30 mm/s and 40 mm/s)was tested through the top pressure off-disk adhesion test.The test results showed that the top seedling speed had little effect on the adhesion force and the detachment displacement of the seedling pot,and the adhesion force was positively correlated with the detachment displacement of the seedling pot.The value was distributed between 5.5 mm and 6.9 mm.Considering the diameter of the seedling tray drain hole and the test results of the top pressure off tray adhesion test,it was determined that the diameter of the mandrel was 6 mm,and the displacement of the top seedling of the mandrel must be greater than 5 mm.Secondly,taking the 72-hole cucumber plug seedlings with a growth cycle of 25 d as the test object,three modes of seedling collection were carried out,namely,the first top and then the top,the side top and the side,and the first plug and then the top.The seedling success rate and pot body integrity rate were the highest.Finally,taking the ejection displacement of the ejector rod,the depth of inserting the seedling claws into the seedling pot and the speed of inserting the seedlings as the test factors,a three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was carried out.The optimal working parameter combination was that the jacking displac
作者
胡建平
刘育彤
刘伟
张思伟
韩绿化
曾添懿
HU Jianping;LIU Yutong;LIU Wei;ZHANG Siwei;HAN Lühua;ZENG Tianyi(Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Theory and Technology,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Runhe(Zhenjiang)Agricultural Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Zhenjiang 212013,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S01期110-117,184,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021342)
江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2021-08)
精准高效移栽装备产业化示范应用项目(TC210H02X)
关键词
移栽机
顶夹拔
组合式取苗
试验
transplanting machine
top clamping and pulling
combined seedling picking
experiment
