摘要
我国的未成年人社会观护制度通过各地的试点探索而得以逐步兴起。通过对国内社会观护制度的立法沿革和50余地社会观护的实践情况的梳理和对比发现,2020年修订的《预防未成年人犯罪法》所初步确立的社会观护制度存在适用对象狭窄、专业性实施主体缺位、前置程序缺失、实施程序正当化不足、观护措施层次性不足、社会参与角色和路径尚待明确等问题。对此,构建社会观护适用程序应坚持最有利于未成年人原则、个别处遇原则、正当程序原则和分级衔接原则,同时应从社会观护的适用对象、决定主体、实施主体、强制报告机制、社会调查制度、听证程序、转处分流程序、分级措施、恢复性司法、变更与终结等方面加以进一步完善。
China′s social protection system for minors has gradually emerged through experimental exploration in various places.By examining and comparing the legislative evolution of the domestic social observation system and the practice of social protection in more than fifty places,it is found that the social protection system initially established by the revised Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in 2020 has several problems,such as the narrow definition of applicable objects,lack of professional implementation subjects,lack of pre-procedures,insufficient legitimization of implementation procedures,insufficient levels of protective measures,and that social participation roles and paths are yet to be clarified.On the basis of examining the operation of the"practice-centered"social protection system in other legal jurisdictions,this article puts forward four principles for constructing social protection′s application procedures and proposed countermeasures with regard to the applicable object,decision subject,implementation subject,and mandatory reporting mechanism of social protection,social investigation system,hearing procedures,transfer procedures,hierarchical measures,restorative justice and the construction and setting of changes and terminations.
作者
吴啟铮
刘晓薇
WU Qizheng;LIU Xiaowei(Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)
出处
《犯罪研究》
2023年第1期87-97,共11页
Chinese Criminology Review
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“公众参与型社区矫正的理论与立法研究”(项目编号:2017BFX006)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
未成年人社会观护
少年司法模式
最有利于未成年人原则
《预防未成年人犯罪法》
juvenile social protection
applicable procedures
juvenile justice model
principle of the most beneficial to minors
Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
