摘要
在上古汉语中,否定式条件句具有不同于一般条件句的句法组成、句法成因和句法特征。由否定词“微”“非”“匪”“不”“弗”“未”“勿”“莫”“毋”“无”“否”等构成的条件句,具有4种不同的句法组成,分别为“接小句、体词性或谓词性成分;接谓词性成分;接体词性成分;单独成句”。而否定词用于条件句,这是由条件语义特征、否定与条件的相通性以及上古汉语意合语法形式决定的。并具有“主宾语缺位;有标记否定形式;体词、谓词具有极性语义;出现部分受事主语句”等共性句法特征。
In ancient Chinese,negative conditional sentences have different syntactic forms and syntactic features from general conditional sentences.The negative words such as“微”“非”“匪”“不”“弗”“未”“勿”“莫”have four different syntactic forms,i.e.,combining with small clauses,aspectual and predicational expressions;only combining with aspectual expressions;only combining with predicational expressions;forming sentences by themselves.Negative words are used in conditional sentences,which is determined by the semantic characteristics of conditional sentences,the commonality between negation and condition,and the specific properties of classical Chinese syntax.Also,negative conditional sentences have the following syntactic features:possible omission of subjects and objects;marked negative form;semantic polarity;allowing patients to appear on subject positions.
出处
《语言研究集刊》
2022年第1期335-352,408-409,共20页
Bulletin of Linguistic Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“出土两汉器物铭文整理与研究”(项目编号16ZDA201)
吉林省社会科学基金项目“日韩汉代铜镜铭文整理研究与图像集成”(项目编号2021C112)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“日本所见汉代铜镜铭文整理与研究”(项目编号2021M691223)
吉林省教育厅科学研究项目“吉林出土铭文铜镜整理与研究”的资助
关键词
否定
条件句
句法
上古汉语
Negative words
conditional sentence
syntactic
ancient Chinese
