摘要
2017年《标准化法》的修订,标志着我国标准化法制的重大变革。具体表现为:在标准属性上,精简了强制性标准,实现了标准从技术法规到技术要求的回归;在标准体系上,改变了不同主体制定的标准之间的层级关系,确立了标准的平等地位;在标准化资源配置上,改变了政府主导的资源配置体制,形成了市场与政府并重的格局;在标准化领域上,从一二三产业扩展到社会事业等领域。这一变革顺应了经济社会发展的要求,必将为国家治理现代化建设奠定坚实的基础,也将促进其他法律制度的进一步完善。
With market-oriented reforms deepening since the reform and opening-up,the standardization system launched in China’s planned economy period has undergone major changes,one of them being the transformation of China’s legal system of standardization,marked by the revision of the Standardization Law in 2017.The transformation of China’s legal system of standardization is shown in the following four main aspects:(1)The standards have seen the return from technical regulations to technical specifications.Prior to the Standardization Law,standards were stipulated as technical regulations.The Standardization Law passed in 1988 deleted the stipulation and marked the beginning of the return.The reform of the standardization system in 2015,which aimed at integrating and streamlining mandatory(compulsory)standards,and optimizing recommended(recommendation)standards,furthered the return.The revision of the Standardization Law in 2017 limited mandatory(compulsory)standards merely to national standards(Guobiao standards/GB),while recommended(recommendation)standards covered industry and local standards,rendering the standards closer to its nature as technical specifications.(2)The standardization system has improved from hierarchical to equal.The hierarchy of standards is common in international standardization.China has adopted the same system,while there was,before the revision of the Standardization Law,another hierarchy among national standards,industry standards,local standards,and enterprise standards,in which they had different effectiveness in practice.The revision of the Standardization Law in 2017 limited mandatory(compulsory)national standards to a specific scope,and for other types of standards,their effectiveness tended to be equal in terms of legal status.(3)Standardization resource allocation has upgraded from government-leading to market-and-government-leading.The standardization system launched during the planned economy period of China basically featured in government-dominated standardization resource
作者
柳经纬
聂爱轩
Liu Jingwei;Nie Aixuan(College of Comparative Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期69-80,共12页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(19BFX117)
关键词
标准
标准化
标准化法制
转型
standards
standardization
legal system of standardization
transformation
