Francois’ langur, the Black-headed leaf monkey (Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi), is a rare species of monkey, occurring in isolated small groups in China. Breeding periodicity of wild Francois’ langur in Mayangh...Francois’ langur, the Black-headed leaf monkey (Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi), is a rare species of monkey, occurring in isolated small groups in China. Breeding periodicity of wild Francois’ langur in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in Yanhe County, Guizhou, China, was studied. For the subject group, known as Gandong group, they were artificial fed periodically due to shortage of natural food since August, 1997. From the latter half of the year of 1998, they were adapted to artificial feeding and fed once per day. Because of the same feeder, a trust relationship between the group and the feeder was established, and the group could be observed within fifteen meters. Through artificial feeding, Gandong group monkeys were individual recognized according to characteristics of stature, posture and appearance, and the females were differentiated by the way of F1, F2,…. The first dates of seeing newborn monkeys of the group were recorded and regarded as birth dates. The error was not beyond twenty-four hours because of daily observation and record. Birth dates of eleven newborn monkeys of Gandong group from 1999 to 2005 were recorded. The genders of the newborn monkeys were identified by observing male genitals fifteen days after born. In addition, birth dates of six other groups were combined with that of Gandong group. The six groups included Xiangguba group, Leijia group, Banqiaozi group, Shibanxi group, Dashandong group and Longdongtang group. For the six groups, the first dates of finding new baby monkeys were recorded by patrolmen who patrolled once every five days, and then verified by the authors within two days. According to characteristic of baby monkey whose hair was bright orange at first and then became gradually black one month later, birth dates of nine baby monkeys of these six groups were estimated from 2003 to 2004. The error was not beyond one week. By record, eight offspring were added into Gandong group from 1999 to 2005. At present, this group was consisted of seven males and five fem展开更多
文摘从云南、浙江和内蒙古的30属禾本科植物分离到1821株内生真菌,根据ITS rDNA系统发育分析和ITS预测真菌的阈值,将这些菌株鉴定为3门10纲34目216属,其中子囊菌门5纲26目192属,担子菌门3纲6目21属,毛霉门2纲2目3属。粪壳菌纲和座囊菌纲为主要优势纲,相对频率分别为54.8%和30.9%;座囊菌纲的格孢腔菌目和粪壳菌纲的肉座菌目、巨座壳目、小丛壳目、炭角菌目是主要优势目,相对频率分别为26.7%、12.6%、12.1%、11.3%和9.9%。主要优势纲和主要优势目在不同纬度地区的分布有明显差异。在鉴定的216个属级分类单元中,7个已知属Colletotrichum、Alternaria、Fusarium、Diaporthe、Penicillium、Arthrinium、Trichoderma和1个分类地位未定的属Pleosporales incertae sedis type12的相对频率大于2%,除了这个分类地位未定的属以外,7个已知属都是广泛分布的真菌;云南、浙江和内蒙古的内生真菌组成和多样性差异明显,二地或三地共有的属仅58个,且云南禾本科植物的内生真菌多样性程度最高,内蒙古禾本科植物的内生真菌多样性程度最低;根部和地上部组织的内生真菌组成和多样性差异明显,两者共有的属仅53个,地上部组织的内生真菌多样性高于根部组织。因此,进一步深入调查不同区域,特别是热带和亚热带的禾本科植物内生真菌将丰富我们对禾本科植物内生真菌多样性的认识。
文摘Francois’ langur, the Black-headed leaf monkey (Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi), is a rare species of monkey, occurring in isolated small groups in China. Breeding periodicity of wild Francois’ langur in Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in Yanhe County, Guizhou, China, was studied. For the subject group, known as Gandong group, they were artificial fed periodically due to shortage of natural food since August, 1997. From the latter half of the year of 1998, they were adapted to artificial feeding and fed once per day. Because of the same feeder, a trust relationship between the group and the feeder was established, and the group could be observed within fifteen meters. Through artificial feeding, Gandong group monkeys were individual recognized according to characteristics of stature, posture and appearance, and the females were differentiated by the way of F1, F2,…. The first dates of seeing newborn monkeys of the group were recorded and regarded as birth dates. The error was not beyond twenty-four hours because of daily observation and record. Birth dates of eleven newborn monkeys of Gandong group from 1999 to 2005 were recorded. The genders of the newborn monkeys were identified by observing male genitals fifteen days after born. In addition, birth dates of six other groups were combined with that of Gandong group. The six groups included Xiangguba group, Leijia group, Banqiaozi group, Shibanxi group, Dashandong group and Longdongtang group. For the six groups, the first dates of finding new baby monkeys were recorded by patrolmen who patrolled once every five days, and then verified by the authors within two days. According to characteristic of baby monkey whose hair was bright orange at first and then became gradually black one month later, birth dates of nine baby monkeys of these six groups were estimated from 2003 to 2004. The error was not beyond one week. By record, eight offspring were added into Gandong group from 1999 to 2005. At present, this group was consisted of seven males and five fem
