We investigated the occurrence of 14 selected antibiotics including five therapeutic classes of tetracyclines,sulfonamides,macrolides,fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicols in manures collected from four swine farms of...We investigated the occurrence of 14 selected antibiotics including five therapeutic classes of tetracyclines,sulfonamides,macrolides,fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicols in manures collected from four swine farms of different sizes in eastern China.Tetracyclines(tetracycline,oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline,and doxycycline) and sulfadiazine were the most prominent contaminants in the manure samples,with maximum concentrations reaching 98.2 × 10 3,354.0 × 10 3,139.4 × 10 3,37.2× 10 3,and 7.1× 10 3 μg/kg,respectively.The occurrence of these compounds was dependent on breeding scale,animal type,and breeding season.Manure storage and vermiculture were not able to effectively deplete the heavier contaminants(tetracyclines and sulfadiazine),resulting in high levels of these chemicals remaining in manures.Therefore,the occurrence of these antibiotics in agricultural soils(0.1-205.1 μg/kg) collected from four types of agricultural land(pear orchard,tea plantation,bamboo forest,and paddy field) near the studied farms,was a reflection of manure application.However,the extremely high concentrations of antibiotics in manures were unlikely from feed consumption,but from other direct forms of medicine application.展开更多
在清洁发展机制(CDM)背景下的温室气体减排量交易是一种能帮助畜牧企业主用先进的粪污处理技术替代现有的开放式厌氧塘的好途径。本文的目的是评估先进的厌氧—好氧粪污处理系统的温室气体减排量,案例选自山西某公司的一个存栏6187头的...在清洁发展机制(CDM)背景下的温室气体减排量交易是一种能帮助畜牧企业主用先进的粪污处理技术替代现有的开放式厌氧塘的好途径。本文的目的是评估先进的厌氧—好氧粪污处理系统的温室气体减排量,案例选自山西某公司的一个存栏6187头的规模猪场。基准线情景以及本文选用的先进系统项目活动排放源包括厌氧消化和好氧过程产生的CH4以及粪污在存贮和利用的过程中产生的N2O;减排量是指基准线情景排放和所选用先进系统排放的差值。项目选用的厌氧—好氧先进系统包括厌氧消化器系统、固液分离系统、废水的好氧处理系统以及分离固体好氧堆肥系统,替代开放厌氧塘系统减少了温室气体的排放,经估算温室气体排放量减少了79.6%,从6619.7 t CO2e.a-1减少到1348.5 t CO2e.a-1,6187头的规模猪场的总减排量为5271.2 t CO2e.a-1或者说0.85 t CO2e.head-1a-1。将产生的减排量在国际碳市场以每t CO2e 8欧元出售,每年将获得减排收入421695元,每头猪将产生68.2元的减排效益。减排收益的获得弥补了畜牧企业采用先进处理工艺的较高资金投入,促进了先进处理工艺的推广与普及,极大改善畜牧生产以及周边环境。展开更多
基金supported by Water Special Project (2008ZX07101-006-05)knowledge Innovation program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-Q02-02-04)
文摘We investigated the occurrence of 14 selected antibiotics including five therapeutic classes of tetracyclines,sulfonamides,macrolides,fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicols in manures collected from four swine farms of different sizes in eastern China.Tetracyclines(tetracycline,oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline,and doxycycline) and sulfadiazine were the most prominent contaminants in the manure samples,with maximum concentrations reaching 98.2 × 10 3,354.0 × 10 3,139.4 × 10 3,37.2× 10 3,and 7.1× 10 3 μg/kg,respectively.The occurrence of these compounds was dependent on breeding scale,animal type,and breeding season.Manure storage and vermiculture were not able to effectively deplete the heavier contaminants(tetracyclines and sulfadiazine),resulting in high levels of these chemicals remaining in manures.Therefore,the occurrence of these antibiotics in agricultural soils(0.1-205.1 μg/kg) collected from four types of agricultural land(pear orchard,tea plantation,bamboo forest,and paddy field) near the studied farms,was a reflection of manure application.However,the extremely high concentrations of antibiotics in manures were unlikely from feed consumption,but from other direct forms of medicine application.
文摘在清洁发展机制(CDM)背景下的温室气体减排量交易是一种能帮助畜牧企业主用先进的粪污处理技术替代现有的开放式厌氧塘的好途径。本文的目的是评估先进的厌氧—好氧粪污处理系统的温室气体减排量,案例选自山西某公司的一个存栏6187头的规模猪场。基准线情景以及本文选用的先进系统项目活动排放源包括厌氧消化和好氧过程产生的CH4以及粪污在存贮和利用的过程中产生的N2O;减排量是指基准线情景排放和所选用先进系统排放的差值。项目选用的厌氧—好氧先进系统包括厌氧消化器系统、固液分离系统、废水的好氧处理系统以及分离固体好氧堆肥系统,替代开放厌氧塘系统减少了温室气体的排放,经估算温室气体排放量减少了79.6%,从6619.7 t CO2e.a-1减少到1348.5 t CO2e.a-1,6187头的规模猪场的总减排量为5271.2 t CO2e.a-1或者说0.85 t CO2e.head-1a-1。将产生的减排量在国际碳市场以每t CO2e 8欧元出售,每年将获得减排收入421695元,每头猪将产生68.2元的减排效益。减排收益的获得弥补了畜牧企业采用先进处理工艺的较高资金投入,促进了先进处理工艺的推广与普及,极大改善畜牧生产以及周边环境。
