Electric fertilizer, i. e. exerting electric field on plants during growing season instead of chemical fertilizer, is a kind of physical fertilizer, and the third kind of fertilizer with developmental prospect after i...Electric fertilizer, i. e. exerting electric field on plants during growing season instead of chemical fertilizer, is a kind of physical fertilizer, and the third kind of fertilizer with developmental prospect after inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer. For the purpose of studying the changes of physical and chemical properties of soil after exerting electric field, five treatments with different applications of chemical fertilizer were arranged on the black soil in Yushu City of Jilin Province by randomized block method, and electric field was exerted on plants every ten days during the growing season. Through sample analysis the paper arrives at following conclusions: 1) Exerting electric field can make soil′s granular structure increase, bulk density decrease, moisture capacity increase, thus improving the perviousness of soil. 2) Exerting electric field can make microorganism′s number increase and activity strengthen, thus activating nutrient and increasing organic matter content. 3) Exerting electric field with 0.1A medium has the best effect. So the chemical fertilizer can be saved. Therefore, we can say that the application of electric fertilizer is favorable for decreasing chemical poison, improving soil, relaxing the contradiction between the supply and demand of chemical fertilizer, and decreasing production cost of agriculture and forestry.展开更多
Automatic image annotation has been an active topic of research in computer vision and pattern recognition for decades.A two stage automatic image annotation method based on Gaussian mixture model(GMM) and random walk...Automatic image annotation has been an active topic of research in computer vision and pattern recognition for decades.A two stage automatic image annotation method based on Gaussian mixture model(GMM) and random walk model(abbreviated as GMM-RW) is presented.To start with,GMM fitted by the rival penalized expectation maximization(RPEM) algorithm is employed to estimate the posterior probabilities of each annotation keyword.Subsequently,a random walk process over the constructed label similarity graph is implemented to further mine the potential correlations of the candidate annotations so as to capture the refining results,which plays a crucial role in semantic based image retrieval.The contributions exhibited in this work are multifold.First,GMM is exploited to capture the initial semantic annotations,especially the RPEM algorithm is utilized to train the model that can determine the number of components in GMM automatically.Second,a label similarity graph is constructed by a weighted linear combination of label similarity and visual similarity of images associated with the corresponding labels,which is able to avoid the phenomena of polysemy and synonym efficiently during the image annotation process.Third,the random walk is implemented over the constructed label graph to further refine the candidate set of annotations generated by GMM.Conducted experiments on the standard Corel5 k demonstrate that GMM-RW is significantly more effective than several state-of-the-arts regarding their effectiveness and efficiency in the task of automatic image annotation.展开更多
This paper presents a new discriminative approach for training Gaussian mixture models(GMMs)of hidden Markov models(HMMs)based acoustic model in a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition(LVCSR)system.This appro...This paper presents a new discriminative approach for training Gaussian mixture models(GMMs)of hidden Markov models(HMMs)based acoustic model in a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition(LVCSR)system.This approach is featured by embedding a rival penalized competitive learning(RPCL)mechanism on the level of hidden Markov states.For every input,the correct identity state,called winner and obtained by the Viterbi force alignment,is enhanced to describe this input while its most competitive rival is penalized by de-learning,which makes GMMs-based states become more discriminative.Without the extensive computing burden required by typical discriminative learning methods for one-pass recognition of the training set,the new approach saves computing costs considerably.Experiments show that the proposed method has a good convergence with better performances than the classical maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)based method.Comparing with two conventional discriminative methods,the proposed method demonstrates improved generalization ability,especially when the test set is not well matched with the training set.展开更多
《燕子号与亚马逊号》
上映日期：2017年7月14日
【PLOT】Four children（the Swallows）on holiday in the Lake District sail on their own to an island and start a war with rival children（the Amazons）.
【QUOTE】John：Be...《燕子号与亚马逊号》
上映日期：2017年7月14日
【PLOT】Four children（the Swallows）on holiday in the Lake District sail on their own to an island and start a war with rival children（the Amazons）.
【QUOTE】John：Better drowned than duffers（笨蛋）.If not duffers won＇t drown.
【推荐理由】炎炎夏日,怎能少了属于青春的无畏和冒险？展开更多
一、法语中表示＂笑＂的词汇和短语
1.sourire v.i.,v.t.i.,n.m.微笑,不出声地略露一点笑容,通常表达内心的真实感情。一般是善意的微笑,也可能是恶意的冷笑。如：sourire de bonheur幸福地微/sourire sournoisement奸笑/sourire à...一、法语中表示＂笑＂的词汇和短语
1.sourire v.i.,v.t.i.,n.m.微笑,不出声地略露一点笑容,通常表达内心的真实感情。一般是善意的微笑,也可能是恶意的冷笑。如：sourire de bonheur幸福地微/sourire sournoisement奸笑/sourire à l’adversité向厄运微笑（喻不向命运屈服）/sourire de qn/qch.轻微地嘲笑某人/某物/Pour me rendre heureux,un sourire peut suffire.展开更多
文摘Electric fertilizer, i. e. exerting electric field on plants during growing season instead of chemical fertilizer, is a kind of physical fertilizer, and the third kind of fertilizer with developmental prospect after inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer. For the purpose of studying the changes of physical and chemical properties of soil after exerting electric field, five treatments with different applications of chemical fertilizer were arranged on the black soil in Yushu City of Jilin Province by randomized block method, and electric field was exerted on plants every ten days during the growing season. Through sample analysis the paper arrives at following conclusions: 1) Exerting electric field can make soil′s granular structure increase, bulk density decrease, moisture capacity increase, thus improving the perviousness of soil. 2) Exerting electric field can make microorganism′s number increase and activity strengthen, thus activating nutrient and increasing organic matter content. 3) Exerting electric field with 0.1A medium has the best effect. So the chemical fertilizer can be saved. Therefore, we can say that the application of electric fertilizer is favorable for decreasing chemical poison, improving soil, relaxing the contradiction between the supply and demand of chemical fertilizer, and decreasing production cost of agriculture and forestry.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB329502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61202212)+1 种基金the Special Research Project of the Educational Department of Shaanxi Province of China(No.15JK1038)the Key Research Project of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(No.ZK16047)
文摘Automatic image annotation has been an active topic of research in computer vision and pattern recognition for decades.A two stage automatic image annotation method based on Gaussian mixture model(GMM) and random walk model(abbreviated as GMM-RW) is presented.To start with,GMM fitted by the rival penalized expectation maximization(RPEM) algorithm is employed to estimate the posterior probabilities of each annotation keyword.Subsequently,a random walk process over the constructed label similarity graph is implemented to further mine the potential correlations of the candidate annotations so as to capture the refining results,which plays a crucial role in semantic based image retrieval.The contributions exhibited in this work are multifold.First,GMM is exploited to capture the initial semantic annotations,especially the RPEM algorithm is utilized to train the model that can determine the number of components in GMM automatically.Second,a label similarity graph is constructed by a weighted linear combination of label similarity and visual similarity of images associated with the corresponding labels,which is able to avoid the phenomena of polysemy and synonym efficiently during the image annotation process.Third,the random walk is implemented over the constructed label graph to further refine the candidate set of annotations generated by GMM.Conducted experiments on the standard Corel5 k demonstrate that GMM-RW is significantly more effective than several state-of-the-arts regarding their effectiveness and efficiency in the task of automatic image annotation.
基金The work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90920302)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB825404)+2 种基金the HGJ Grant(No.2011ZX01042-001-001)a research program from Microsoft China,and by a GRF grant from the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong SAR(CUHK 4180/10E)Lei XU is also supported by Chang Jiang Scholars Program,Chinese Ministry of Education for Chang Jiang Chair Professorship in Peking University.
文摘This paper presents a new discriminative approach for training Gaussian mixture models(GMMs)of hidden Markov models(HMMs)based acoustic model in a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition(LVCSR)system.This approach is featured by embedding a rival penalized competitive learning(RPCL)mechanism on the level of hidden Markov states.For every input,the correct identity state,called winner and obtained by the Viterbi force alignment,is enhanced to describe this input while its most competitive rival is penalized by de-learning,which makes GMMs-based states become more discriminative.Without the extensive computing burden required by typical discriminative learning methods for one-pass recognition of the training set,the new approach saves computing costs considerably.Experiments show that the proposed method has a good convergence with better performances than the classical maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)based method.Comparing with two conventional discriminative methods,the proposed method demonstrates improved generalization ability,especially when the test set is not well matched with the training set.
文摘《燕子号与亚马逊号》
上映日期：2017年7月14日
【PLOT】Four children（the Swallows）on holiday in the Lake District sail on their own to an island and start a war with rival children（the Amazons）.
【QUOTE】John：Better drowned than duffers（笨蛋）.If not duffers won＇t drown.
【推荐理由】炎炎夏日,怎能少了属于青春的无畏和冒险？
文摘一、法语中表示＂笑＂的词汇和短语
1.sourire v.i.,v.t.i.,n.m.微笑,不出声地略露一点笑容,通常表达内心的真实感情。一般是善意的微笑,也可能是恶意的冷笑。如：sourire de bonheur幸福地微/sourire sournoisement奸笑/sourire à l’adversité向厄运微笑（喻不向命运屈服）/sourire de qn/qch.轻微地嘲笑某人/某物/Pour me rendre heureux,un sourire peut suffire.
