The Yellow River Source National Park(YRSP)is one of the most sensitive and fragile ecological regions in the world.The historical intensive grazing and climate change have resulted in ecological degradation that thre...The Yellow River Source National Park(YRSP)is one of the most sensitive and fragile ecological regions in the world.The historical intensive grazing and climate change have resulted in ecological degradation that threatens the wildlife and livestock.Exploring the sustainable strategy is urgent for policy makers to meet the demands for wild ungulates and livestock.In our study,the grassland ecological carrying capability(GECC)was assessed based on the updated grass-livestock balance that considered the grass competition from wild ungulates.The balances between grass and livestock,and GECC and grassland pressure index(GPI)in the YRSP were measured through overlay analysis and geostatistic analysis.The results showed that:(1)the ratio of livestock to wild ungulates in the research area was approximately 4.56:1,in which the proportion of livestock was 81.75%and the actual number of livestock was 33.84×104 standard sheep units;(2)Under the scenario of minimum grazing utilisation rate,the theoretical grazing capacity and GECC were 37.83×104 standard sheep units and−0.13,respectively.Under the maximum grazing utilisation rate,the theoretical grazing capacity and GECC were 41.93×104 standard sheep units and−0.21,respectively.Since GECC in both scenarios were both less than 0,the grassland was considered to be in surplus and the livestock was not overloaded.However,GPI in the two scenarios were 0.87 and 0.79,respectively,both of which exceeded the warning line of 0.70.Based on GECC,we recommend that the sustainable strategy in YRSP is either to increase the supplementary feeding about 6.40×104 standard sheep units or reduce the grazing livestock by about 3.50×10^(4) standard sheep units.展开更多
揭示三江源国家公园典型高寒草地的冷季牧草营养特征和食草动物承载力,对园区内草地与食草动物平衡管理具有重要意义,然而相关地面研究鲜有报道.本研究于2019年12月对三江源国家公园长江源园区的紫花针茅草原、藏嵩草草甸和青藏苔草草...揭示三江源国家公园典型高寒草地的冷季牧草营养特征和食草动物承载力,对园区内草地与食草动物平衡管理具有重要意义,然而相关地面研究鲜有报道.本研究于2019年12月对三江源国家公园长江源园区的紫花针茅草原、藏嵩草草甸和青藏苔草草原进行调查取样,分析了该地区冷季牧草地上现存量和营养品质,同时结合农业行业标准(NY/T635-2015)核算了冷季数量承载力、可消化蛋白承载力和代谢能承载力.结果表明:(1)冷季牧草干物质现存量表现为藏嵩草草甸(103.03 g DM/m^2)>紫花针茅草原(72.24 g DM/m^2)>青藏苔草草原(21.08 g DM/m^2)(P<0.01);(2)冷季牧草粗蛋白含量表现为藏嵩草草甸(5.16%)极显著高于紫花针茅草原(3.95%)和青藏苔草草原(4.32%)(P<0.01);(3)冷季牧草干物质、粗蛋白和代谢能的单位草地面积输出总量均表现为藏嵩草草甸>紫花针茅草原>青藏苔草草原(P<0.01);(4)三类典型草地冷季承载力均表现为代谢能承载力>数量承载力>可消化蛋白承载力,表明代谢能承载力可以满足食草动物需求,采用可消化蛋白承载力有助于缓解国家公园内天然草地放牧压力,更符合生态保护的目标.紫花针茅草原、藏嵩草草甸和青藏苔草草原冷季的可消化蛋白承载力分别为0.84±0.04、1.57±0.07和0.27±0.02 SHU/ha(标准羊单位/公顷),对应草地代表性食草动物承载力分别为0.17±0.01家牦牛/ha、0.39±0.02藏野驴/ha和0.22±0.02藏羚羊/ha;(5)三江源国家公园高寒草地冷季食草动物承载力整体偏低,建议在国家公园内牧业生产区,通过转变畜牧业经营方式(如放牧家畜暖季末期适时出栏、冷季异地舍饲出栏等)加快家畜周转速率,减少国家公园内放牧家畜存栏数量,为野生动物保护释放草地资源和生态空间.展开更多
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA23060601)National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2088)+2 种基金Monitoring and Warning Program for Resources and Environment Carrying Capability in Sichuan Province (Grant No. ZXGH201709)Land space planning of Sichuan Province (2019-2035)Ecological restoration planning of land space in Sichuan Province (20212035)
文摘The Yellow River Source National Park(YRSP)is one of the most sensitive and fragile ecological regions in the world.The historical intensive grazing and climate change have resulted in ecological degradation that threatens the wildlife and livestock.Exploring the sustainable strategy is urgent for policy makers to meet the demands for wild ungulates and livestock.In our study,the grassland ecological carrying capability(GECC)was assessed based on the updated grass-livestock balance that considered the grass competition from wild ungulates.The balances between grass and livestock,and GECC and grassland pressure index(GPI)in the YRSP were measured through overlay analysis and geostatistic analysis.The results showed that:(1)the ratio of livestock to wild ungulates in the research area was approximately 4.56:1,in which the proportion of livestock was 81.75%and the actual number of livestock was 33.84×104 standard sheep units;(2)Under the scenario of minimum grazing utilisation rate,the theoretical grazing capacity and GECC were 37.83×104 standard sheep units and−0.13,respectively.Under the maximum grazing utilisation rate,the theoretical grazing capacity and GECC were 41.93×104 standard sheep units and−0.21,respectively.Since GECC in both scenarios were both less than 0,the grassland was considered to be in surplus and the livestock was not overloaded.However,GPI in the two scenarios were 0.87 and 0.79,respectively,both of which exceeded the warning line of 0.70.Based on GECC,we recommend that the sustainable strategy in YRSP is either to increase the supplementary feeding about 6.40×104 standard sheep units or reduce the grazing livestock by about 3.50×10^(4) standard sheep units.
文摘揭示三江源国家公园典型高寒草地的冷季牧草营养特征和食草动物承载力,对园区内草地与食草动物平衡管理具有重要意义,然而相关地面研究鲜有报道.本研究于2019年12月对三江源国家公园长江源园区的紫花针茅草原、藏嵩草草甸和青藏苔草草原进行调查取样,分析了该地区冷季牧草地上现存量和营养品质,同时结合农业行业标准(NY/T635-2015)核算了冷季数量承载力、可消化蛋白承载力和代谢能承载力.结果表明:(1)冷季牧草干物质现存量表现为藏嵩草草甸(103.03 g DM/m^2)>紫花针茅草原(72.24 g DM/m^2)>青藏苔草草原(21.08 g DM/m^2)(P<0.01);(2)冷季牧草粗蛋白含量表现为藏嵩草草甸(5.16%)极显著高于紫花针茅草原(3.95%)和青藏苔草草原(4.32%)(P<0.01);(3)冷季牧草干物质、粗蛋白和代谢能的单位草地面积输出总量均表现为藏嵩草草甸>紫花针茅草原>青藏苔草草原(P<0.01);(4)三类典型草地冷季承载力均表现为代谢能承载力>数量承载力>可消化蛋白承载力,表明代谢能承载力可以满足食草动物需求,采用可消化蛋白承载力有助于缓解国家公园内天然草地放牧压力,更符合生态保护的目标.紫花针茅草原、藏嵩草草甸和青藏苔草草原冷季的可消化蛋白承载力分别为0.84±0.04、1.57±0.07和0.27±0.02 SHU/ha(标准羊单位/公顷),对应草地代表性食草动物承载力分别为0.17±0.01家牦牛/ha、0.39±0.02藏野驴/ha和0.22±0.02藏羚羊/ha;(5)三江源国家公园高寒草地冷季食草动物承载力整体偏低,建议在国家公园内牧业生产区,通过转变畜牧业经营方式(如放牧家畜暖季末期适时出栏、冷季异地舍饲出栏等)加快家畜周转速率,减少国家公园内放牧家畜存栏数量,为野生动物保护释放草地资源和生态空间.
