摘要
近年来随新疆旅游业的快速发展,人为扰动对天山托木尔峰国家自然保护区的植被与土壤带来不同程度的影响。通过在轻度、中度、重度及无扰动四种扰动类型强度下对保护区内草地植物群落特征和土壤理化性质的变化进行调查研究。结果表明:随扰动强度增加,植被盖度、高度、产草量和密度均呈下降趋势,多年生优良牧草减少,一二生杂类草增加;通过聚类分析,随扰动强度增加,植物群落发生分化或演替,植物群落由紫穗大麦+早熟禾型向紫穗大麦+葛缕子型、早熟禾+蒲公英型、繁缕+萹蓄型逆向演替。中度扰动下植物多样性指数最小。随着扰动强度的增加,土壤总盐和pH呈增加趋势,全氮呈下降趋势。Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数与土壤有机质呈负相关(P<0.05),均匀度与土壤pH呈负相关(P<0.05)。随扰动强度增加,植物群落发生退化演替,土壤出现退化特征。建议减少人为扰动,对保护区划区或分段旅游开放管理,实现可持续发展。
In recent years,with the rapid development of tourism in Xinjiang,the vegetation and soil in Tomur national nature reserve have been affected by anthropogenic disturbances to varying degrees.the changes of plant community characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties in grassland under mild(SD),moderate(MD),severe(HD)and undisturbed(UD)disturbance types was investigated.The results show that with the increase of disturbance intensity,vegetation coverage,height,grass yield and density all show a decreasing trend,and the excellent perennial grass decreased,while the secondary and secondary miscellaneous grass increased.With the increase of disturbance intensity,the plant communities are differentiated or succession,and the reverse succession from Hordeum L.+Poa L.type to Hordeum L.+Carum carvif type,Poa L.+Taraxacum mongolicum type and Polygonum aviculare.+Stellaria media type.The plant diversity index is the lowest under moderate disturbance.With the increase of disturbance intensity,soil total salt and pH values show an increasing trend,while total nitrogen show a decreasing trend.Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index are negatively correlated with soil organic matter(P<0.05),and evenness is negatively correlated with soil pH(P<0.05).With the increase of disturbance intensity,the diversity index decreases first and then increases,and the plant community degrades and the soil degrades.Therefore,it is suggested to open the tourism management of the protected areas by zoning or segmenting to ensure sustainable development.
作者
刘霏霏
杨静
王国庆
杨梅
吴东升
朱红祥
席琳乔
LIU Fei-fei;YANG Jing;WANG Guo-qing;YANG Mei;WU Dong-sheng;ZHU Hong-xiang;XI Lin-qiao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;Tomur National Nature Reserve Bureau of Xinjiang,Akesu 843000,China;State Forest Management Bureau of Tianshan,Akesu 843000,China;Aksu Tianshan National Forest Protection Center,Akesu 843000,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2023年第7期2787-2793,共7页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区生物多样性植物专项调查项目二期(1121021)。
关键词
托木尔峰国家自然保护区
人为扰动
草地群落
植物多样性
土壤性质
Tomur National Nature Reserve
artificial disturbance
grassland community
plant diversity
soil properties
