To determine the modifying agents for Al-7Si alloys, microstructure observation and mixing enthalpy analysis using Miedema model for Al-7Si alloy with additions of different rare earth elements were performed, and the...To determine the modifying agents for Al-7Si alloys, microstructure observation and mixing enthalpy analysis using Miedema model for Al-7Si alloy with additions of different rare earth elements were performed, and the effects of rare earth elements on the modifica-tion of eutectic silicon morphology were investigated. The results of mixing enthalpy analysis show that these four rare earth elements, La, Sm, Pr, and Ce, which have the large negative mixing enthalpies with Si, can be selected as modifying agents for eutectic silicon morphology. The element with the largest negative mixing enthalpy is Ce. Furthermore, the microstructures indicate that these four elements can effec-tively modify the eutectic （α）Al-Si crystals in Al-7Si alloy, and the most effective one is also Ce. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） results show that the eutectic temperature depressions due to the additions of modifying agents are the important reasons for the modification of eutectic （α）Al-Si crystals.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the efficacy of 17 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to Apocynaceae family used in combination with 16 conventional antibiotics against non-multidrug resistant-,multidrug resistant(MDR)-.and ext...Objective:To investigate the efficacy of 17 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to Apocynaceae family used in combination with 16 conventional antibiotics against non-multidrug resistant-,multidrug resistant(MDR)-.and extensive drug resistant(XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii(A.haumannii).Methods:Antibacterial activity and resistance modifying ability of 272combinations were determined by growth inhibition assays and further confirmed by time-kill assay.Results:Among the combinations of the antibiotics with Apocynaceae ethanol extracts on this pathogen,15(5%) had synergistic effects,23(8%) had partial synergistic effects and 234(86%) had no effects.Synergistic activity was observed mostly when the Apocynaceae extracts were combined with rifampicin or cefazolin.Interestingly.10 out of 17 combinations between the extracts and rifampicin displayed synergistic or partial synergistic behaviors.Holarrhena antidysenterica extract was additionally tested to restore rifampicin activity against clinical isolates of MDR and XDR A.haumannii.With respect to total or partial synergy,70%was XDR A.haumannii isolates and 66%was MDR A.haumannii isolates.Conclusions:Holarrhena antidysenterica extract clearly demonstrated the ability to restore rifampicin activity against both A.haumannii ATCC19606 and clinically isolated A.haumannii.Additional studies examining its active principles as well as nieclianisms of actions such as the effects on efflux pumps and outer membrane permeability alterations are recommended.展开更多
随着晚期肿瘤治疗效果的提高和骨改良药物的使用增加,药物相关性颌骨坏死(medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,MRONJ)越来越常见,严重影响患者的生命质量,同时干扰肿瘤的正常治疗。以往MRONJ长期处于肿瘤科和口腔科之间的边...随着晚期肿瘤治疗效果的提高和骨改良药物的使用增加,药物相关性颌骨坏死(medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,MRONJ)越来越常见,严重影响患者的生命质量,同时干扰肿瘤的正常治疗。以往MRONJ长期处于肿瘤科和口腔科之间的边缘地带,科室间衔接不畅,漏诊、误诊常见,缺乏规范的协作管理,诊治效果不尽如人意。作为首诊者和骨改良药物的处方者,肿瘤科医师对MRONJ的认知和诊疗技能亟需提高,与口腔科之间的衔接和协作亟待加强。笔者通过分析2019年多国癌症支持治疗协会/国际口腔肿瘤学会/美国临床肿瘤学会联合发布的MRONJ临床实践指南,并结合近年相关学术进展以及临床诊疗经验,从一名肿瘤科医师的视角总结肿瘤科医师如何在癌症诊断时、开始药物治疗前、药物治疗期间、MRONJ发生后等关键时间点发挥作用,以期为多学科协作组提供切实可行的优化建议,做到对MRONJ早知晓、早预防、早识别以及正确治疗,提高患者生命质量,改善临床结局。展开更多
基金supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing (No.42-QP-009)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU (No.201009)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University (No.JC200929)the 111 Project of China (No.B08040)
文摘To determine the modifying agents for Al-7Si alloys, microstructure observation and mixing enthalpy analysis using Miedema model for Al-7Si alloy with additions of different rare earth elements were performed, and the effects of rare earth elements on the modifica-tion of eutectic silicon morphology were investigated. The results of mixing enthalpy analysis show that these four rare earth elements, La, Sm, Pr, and Ce, which have the large negative mixing enthalpies with Si, can be selected as modifying agents for eutectic silicon morphology. The element with the largest negative mixing enthalpy is Ce. Furthermore, the microstructures indicate that these four elements can effec-tively modify the eutectic （α）Al-Si crystals in Al-7Si alloy, and the most effective one is also Ce. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） results show that the eutectic temperature depressions due to the additions of modifying agents are the important reasons for the modification of eutectic （α）Al-Si crystals.
基金supported by the Thailand Research Fund(BRG 5580015.Fiscal year 2012-2014)Miss Pinanong Na-Phatthalung and Miss Thanyaluck Siriyong are funded by Natural Product Research Center of Excellence Postgraduate Scholarship
文摘Objective:To investigate the efficacy of 17 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to Apocynaceae family used in combination with 16 conventional antibiotics against non-multidrug resistant-,multidrug resistant(MDR)-.and extensive drug resistant(XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii(A.haumannii).Methods:Antibacterial activity and resistance modifying ability of 272combinations were determined by growth inhibition assays and further confirmed by time-kill assay.Results:Among the combinations of the antibiotics with Apocynaceae ethanol extracts on this pathogen,15(5%) had synergistic effects,23(8%) had partial synergistic effects and 234(86%) had no effects.Synergistic activity was observed mostly when the Apocynaceae extracts were combined with rifampicin or cefazolin.Interestingly.10 out of 17 combinations between the extracts and rifampicin displayed synergistic or partial synergistic behaviors.Holarrhena antidysenterica extract was additionally tested to restore rifampicin activity against clinical isolates of MDR and XDR A.haumannii.With respect to total or partial synergy,70%was XDR A.haumannii isolates and 66%was MDR A.haumannii isolates.Conclusions:Holarrhena antidysenterica extract clearly demonstrated the ability to restore rifampicin activity against both A.haumannii ATCC19606 and clinically isolated A.haumannii.Additional studies examining its active principles as well as nieclianisms of actions such as the effects on efflux pumps and outer membrane permeability alterations are recommended.
文摘随着晚期肿瘤治疗效果的提高和骨改良药物的使用增加,药物相关性颌骨坏死(medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,MRONJ)越来越常见,严重影响患者的生命质量,同时干扰肿瘤的正常治疗。以往MRONJ长期处于肿瘤科和口腔科之间的边缘地带,科室间衔接不畅,漏诊、误诊常见,缺乏规范的协作管理,诊治效果不尽如人意。作为首诊者和骨改良药物的处方者,肿瘤科医师对MRONJ的认知和诊疗技能亟需提高,与口腔科之间的衔接和协作亟待加强。笔者通过分析2019年多国癌症支持治疗协会/国际口腔肿瘤学会/美国临床肿瘤学会联合发布的MRONJ临床实践指南,并结合近年相关学术进展以及临床诊疗经验,从一名肿瘤科医师的视角总结肿瘤科医师如何在癌症诊断时、开始药物治疗前、药物治疗期间、MRONJ发生后等关键时间点发挥作用,以期为多学科协作组提供切实可行的优化建议,做到对MRONJ早知晓、早预防、早识别以及正确治疗,提高患者生命质量,改善临床结局。
