目的了解钢铁工人与代谢综合征相关的生活方式和行为习惯,开展综合干预措施并对其效果进行评价,为进一步开展职业人群慢性病的防治工作提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法选取某钢铁集团轧钢厂参加职业健康体检的工人作为研究对象。...目的了解钢铁工人与代谢综合征相关的生活方式和行为习惯,开展综合干预措施并对其效果进行评价,为进一步开展职业人群慢性病的防治工作提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法选取某钢铁集团轧钢厂参加职业健康体检的工人作为研究对象。采用面对面问卷调查的方式进行基线调查和干预后调查,通过比较干预前后工人行为的改变进行效果评价。数据使用Epi Data 3.1录入、SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果共干预450人,干预后工人饮酒率由44.3%降至31.3%,参加体育锻炼的工人由15.4%增加到42.1%(P<0.01)。常吃蔬菜、水果、蛋类和奶制品的工人分别由干预前的82.8%、54.1%、55.2%、15.4%增加至干预后的90.5%、61.5%、64.9%、25.9%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工人的收缩压水平由干预前的(131.58±15.97)下降至干预后的(123.06±15.67),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预前后工人在吸烟、嗜盐、常吃豆制品和粗粮、BMI以及舒张压水平上的改变未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论结合讲座、宣传和个体指导的综合干预方式在一定程度上有利于钢铁工人良好生活方式的养成,仍需要进一步加以改进和完善。展开更多
Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on ...Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats.Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and HIIT.Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions.Results: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group.Conclusion: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.展开更多
The increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD).While several studies examined the effect of single behaviors such as physical a...The increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD).While several studies examined the effect of single behaviors such as physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior or diet on CVD risk,there is a lack of research on combined associations,specifically in children.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to examine the joint association of PA or screen time(ST)and diet on CVD risk factors in children.PA,STand diet were assessed via questionnaire in 210 fifth grade students(age:10.6±0.4 years).The healthy eating index(HEI)was subsequently calculated as indicator for diet quality.Height,weight,% body fat,and resting blood pressure were measured according to standard procedures and blood samples obtained via fingerprick were assayed for blood lipids.Total cholesterol HDL ratio(TC:HDL),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and % body fat were used as indicators of CVD risk.55% of children did not meet current PA recommendations on at least 5 days/week and 70% exceeded current recommendations for ST.Further,only 2.5% possessed a“good”diet(HEI>80).There was no significant association of PA or STand diet on CVD risk score.Neither TC:HDL,MAP,and % body fat nor the total CVD risk score was significantly correlated with diet,PA,or ST.Children in the high PA group,however,had significantly better diet scores.Despite the fact that self-reported PA,ST,or dietary intake were not directly related to CVD risk in this sample,higher activity levels were associated with a healthier diet and lower ST indicating an overall healthier lifestyle of this subgroup.展开更多
South Asians(SA)are at higher cardiovascular risk than other ethnic groups,and SA kidney transplant recipients(SA KTR)are no exception.SA KTR experience increased major adverse cardiovascular events both early and lat...South Asians(SA)are at higher cardiovascular risk than other ethnic groups,and SA kidney transplant recipients(SA KTR)are no exception.SA KTR experience increased major adverse cardiovascular events both early and late posttransplantation.Cardiovascular risk management should therefore begin well before transplantation.SA candidates may require aggressive screening for pretransplant cardiovascular disease(CVD)due to their ethnicity and comorbidities.Recording SA ethnicity during the pre-transplant evaluation may enable programs to better assess cardiovascular risk,thus allowing for earlier targeted periand post-transplant intervention to improve cardiovascular outcomes.Diabetes remains the most prominent post-transplant cardiovascular risk factor in SA KTR.Diabetes also clusters with other metabolic syndrome components including lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,higher triglycerides,hypertension,and central obesity in this population.Dyslipidemia,metabolic syndrome,and obesity are all significant CVD risk factors in SA KTR,and contribute to increased insulin resistance.Novel biomarkers such as adiponectin,apolipoprotein B,and lipoprotein(a)may be especially important to study in SA KTR.Focused interventions to improve health behaviors involving diet and exercise may especially benefit SA KTR.However,there are few interventional clinical trials specific to the SA population,and none are specific to SA KTR.In all cases,understanding the nuances of managing SA KTR as a distinct post-transplant group,while still screening for and managing each CVD risk factor individually in all patients may help improve the long-term success of all kidney transplant programs catering to multi-ethnic populations.展开更多
2007年国际联合研究项目人类微生物组计划(The Human Microbiome Project,HMP)和人类肠道元基因(或宏基因)组学计划(Metagenomics of The Human Intestinal Tract,MetaHIT)正式启动,标志着肠道宏基因组研究的时代已经到来。人是由90%的...2007年国际联合研究项目人类微生物组计划(The Human Microbiome Project,HMP)和人类肠道元基因(或宏基因)组学计划(Metagenomics of The Human Intestinal Tract,MetaHIT)正式启动,标志着肠道宏基因组研究的时代已经到来。人是由90%的共生微生物组成的超级生物体,微生物尤其是肠道微生物参与了人体的营养吸收和代谢,通过这种相互作用方式影响着人体的健康和疾病的发展。本文从多种途径综述肠道菌群对疾病发病机制的研究进展,旨在为寻找人类的健康和疾病的治疗靶点提供一些新的思路。展开更多
文摘目的了解钢铁工人与代谢综合征相关的生活方式和行为习惯,开展综合干预措施并对其效果进行评价,为进一步开展职业人群慢性病的防治工作提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法选取某钢铁集团轧钢厂参加职业健康体检的工人作为研究对象。采用面对面问卷调查的方式进行基线调查和干预后调查,通过比较干预前后工人行为的改变进行效果评价。数据使用Epi Data 3.1录入、SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果共干预450人,干预后工人饮酒率由44.3%降至31.3%,参加体育锻炼的工人由15.4%增加到42.1%(P<0.01)。常吃蔬菜、水果、蛋类和奶制品的工人分别由干预前的82.8%、54.1%、55.2%、15.4%增加至干预后的90.5%、61.5%、64.9%、25.9%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工人的收缩压水平由干预前的(131.58±15.97)下降至干预后的(123.06±15.67),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预前后工人在吸烟、嗜盐、常吃豆制品和粗粮、BMI以及舒张压水平上的改变未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论结合讲座、宣传和个体指导的综合干预方式在一定程度上有利于钢铁工人良好生活方式的养成,仍需要进一步加以改进和完善。
基金supported by the Strategic Research Scholarship grant from Central Queensland University (CQU)in part supported by CQU Health CRNsupported by a Future Leader Fellowship (ID 100029) from the National Heart Foundation of Australia
文摘Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats.Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and HIIT.Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions.Results: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group.Conclusion: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.
文摘The increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD).While several studies examined the effect of single behaviors such as physical activity(PA),sedentary behavior or diet on CVD risk,there is a lack of research on combined associations,specifically in children.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to examine the joint association of PA or screen time(ST)and diet on CVD risk factors in children.PA,STand diet were assessed via questionnaire in 210 fifth grade students(age:10.6±0.4 years).The healthy eating index(HEI)was subsequently calculated as indicator for diet quality.Height,weight,% body fat,and resting blood pressure were measured according to standard procedures and blood samples obtained via fingerprick were assayed for blood lipids.Total cholesterol HDL ratio(TC:HDL),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and % body fat were used as indicators of CVD risk.55% of children did not meet current PA recommendations on at least 5 days/week and 70% exceeded current recommendations for ST.Further,only 2.5% possessed a“good”diet(HEI>80).There was no significant association of PA or STand diet on CVD risk score.Neither TC:HDL,MAP,and % body fat nor the total CVD risk score was significantly correlated with diet,PA,or ST.Children in the high PA group,however,had significantly better diet scores.Despite the fact that self-reported PA,ST,or dietary intake were not directly related to CVD risk in this sample,higher activity levels were associated with a healthier diet and lower ST indicating an overall healthier lifestyle of this subgroup.
文摘South Asians(SA)are at higher cardiovascular risk than other ethnic groups,and SA kidney transplant recipients(SA KTR)are no exception.SA KTR experience increased major adverse cardiovascular events both early and late posttransplantation.Cardiovascular risk management should therefore begin well before transplantation.SA candidates may require aggressive screening for pretransplant cardiovascular disease(CVD)due to their ethnicity and comorbidities.Recording SA ethnicity during the pre-transplant evaluation may enable programs to better assess cardiovascular risk,thus allowing for earlier targeted periand post-transplant intervention to improve cardiovascular outcomes.Diabetes remains the most prominent post-transplant cardiovascular risk factor in SA KTR.Diabetes also clusters with other metabolic syndrome components including lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,higher triglycerides,hypertension,and central obesity in this population.Dyslipidemia,metabolic syndrome,and obesity are all significant CVD risk factors in SA KTR,and contribute to increased insulin resistance.Novel biomarkers such as adiponectin,apolipoprotein B,and lipoprotein(a)may be especially important to study in SA KTR.Focused interventions to improve health behaviors involving diet and exercise may especially benefit SA KTR.However,there are few interventional clinical trials specific to the SA population,and none are specific to SA KTR.In all cases,understanding the nuances of managing SA KTR as a distinct post-transplant group,while still screening for and managing each CVD risk factor individually in all patients may help improve the long-term success of all kidney transplant programs catering to multi-ethnic populations.
文摘2007年国际联合研究项目人类微生物组计划(The Human Microbiome Project,HMP)和人类肠道元基因(或宏基因)组学计划(Metagenomics of The Human Intestinal Tract,MetaHIT)正式启动,标志着肠道宏基因组研究的时代已经到来。人是由90%的共生微生物组成的超级生物体,微生物尤其是肠道微生物参与了人体的营养吸收和代谢,通过这种相互作用方式影响着人体的健康和疾病的发展。本文从多种途径综述肠道菌群对疾病发病机制的研究进展,旨在为寻找人类的健康和疾病的治疗靶点提供一些新的思路。
