目的对国内外临床实践指南可实施性评估的框架或模型进行系统梳理,为国内指南的制定以及实施提供方法和借鉴。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、BMJ Best Pract...目的对国内外临床实践指南可实施性评估的框架或模型进行系统梳理,为国内指南的制定以及实施提供方法和借鉴。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、BMJ Best Practice、UptoDate、the Cochrane Library、医脉通、美国指南网(NGC)及英国国家临床医学研究所指南库(NICE)并补充检索Shiffman RN及Gagliardi AR的文献,检索时限为2012年1月1日至2023年8月31日。结果最终纳入26篇全文文献,8篇关于框架/模型的内容介绍,18篇关于框架/模型的临床应用。纳入6个框架/模型分别是:指南可实施性概念框架、指南实施模型(GUIDE-IT)、指南可实施性评价模型(GLIA)、指南可实施性决策卓越模型(GUIDE-M)、指南语言和格式模型(GLAFI)、指南实施计划清单。结论在指南的制定与实施中,应用合理的框架或模型可提高指南实施的有效率。指南可实施性框架或模型需要在全面性和实施之间取得平衡,未来还需验证和完善现有工具。专业的实施研究人员应积极参与具体的实施过程,以促进指南的实施,推动在实践中持续应用。展开更多
The public procurement system in Bangladesh has been running by traditional manual process under the flagship of Public Procurement Act (PPA 2006) and Public Procurement Rules (PPR 2008). Public procurement agencies h...The public procurement system in Bangladesh has been running by traditional manual process under the flagship of Public Procurement Act (PPA 2006) and Public Procurement Rules (PPR 2008). Public procurement agencies have been facing challenges in this manual tendering system. To overcome this problem and to bring reality to the “Digital Bangladesh” slogan, the Government of Bangladesh introduced the e-Procurement system under the e-GP (Electronic Government Procurement) guideline 2011. After the inception of e-procurement, there is no e-procurement assessment model to improve the e-GP system. The purpose of this research is to develop a conceptual framework and to design an e-procurement assessment model. With this view, we have considered one of the biggest entity Roads and Highways Department (RHD) of the Government of Bangladesh, for field study. Mixed methods along with FGD (Focus Group Discussion), KII (Key Informant Interview), and survey questionnaires are used to collect data from RHD, and then Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software is used for regression analysis and hypothesis testing to develop the e-Procurement assessment model. The novel contribution of the study lies in the test of the hypothesis that focuses on developing the conceptual model of the e-procurement assessment system in Bangladesh. Findings of the study are essential for all Procurement Entity (PE) and suppliers <i>i.e. </i> contractors of RHD who are engaged in the construction of the infrastructure project development project.展开更多
目前开放教育资源被看作是实现全民教育目标的一种可行办法,对于发展中国家而言更是如此。无论是引进和改编发达国家的开放教育资源还是开发本土开放教育资源,发展中国家都能够从中受益。本文所阐述的这些准则旨在为中小学教师提供一些...目前开放教育资源被看作是实现全民教育目标的一种可行办法,对于发展中国家而言更是如此。无论是引进和改编发达国家的开放教育资源还是开发本土开放教育资源,发展中国家都能够从中受益。本文所阐述的这些准则旨在为中小学教师提供一些思路,使更多教师加入开放教育资源建设行列。换言之,教师在开发自己的开放教育资源的时候,可以参考这些准则。但是,并不是每一个开放教育资源的开发或每一位教师都必须逐一对照这些准则,制订这些准则的目的不是为了规定一定要怎么做,而是要在有兴趣自己开发开放教育资源的教师当中形成一种质量文化,鼓励他们进行专业反思。学生在自建学习资源的过程中能很好学到终身学习所必备的更高层次批判性思维技能,所以这些准则的目标对象也包括可能想通过自建学习资源进行学习的学生。本文所提出的准则框架尚在完善之中,因此希望得到用户的反馈以进一步完善。本文介绍较为简略的TIPS框架,T代表教学和学习(Teaching and learning)过程、I代表信息和材料内容(Information and material content)、P代表呈现、产品和格式(Presentation,product and format),而S代表系统、技术性的和技术(System,technical and technology)。展开更多
Warming of climate system is undisputed as evident from observations of increasing average temperatures of air and ocean, large scale melting of ice and increasing global average sea levels. The effect of climate chan...Warming of climate system is undisputed as evident from observations of increasing average temperatures of air and ocean, large scale melting of ice and increasing global average sea levels. The effect of climate change directly impacts society through the chain of climate-hydrology-water-water resources systems-society. Adaptation and mitigation are the two ways of society to respond the changes in climate. Adaptations may be reactive, anticipatory, autonomous, planned, compliment and substitute type. The adaptations are carried out with the help of guidelines for climate impact and adaptation assessment. The guidelines are subjective or objective. Objective guidelines are step by step procedures to arrive at proper adaptation measures while subjective guidelines are step by step adaptation measures given on the basis of study of area, problem at hand and prerequisites for the adaptation. Many objective guidelines of climate impact and adaptation assessment are given. These objective guidelines can be classified into two approaches: hazard based approach and vulnerability based approach. Both approaches have their own pros and cons, so combined approach with more focus on vulnerability was suggested as the best. In this study based on the lessons learned from the adaptation case studies across the world, the combined approach framework is modified to get modified combined approach framework of guidelines for climate impact and adaptation assessment by adding the components related: 1) explicit mentioning of stakeholders 2) revision, modification and communication of adaptation actions.展开更多
The field of health data management poses unique challenges in relation to data ownership, the privacy of data subjects, and the reusability of data. The FAIR Guidelines have been developed to address these challenges...The field of health data management poses unique challenges in relation to data ownership, the privacy of data subjects, and the reusability of data. The FAIR Guidelines have been developed to address these challenges. The Virus Outbreak Data Network(VODAN) architecture builds on these principles, using the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) framework to ensure compliance with local data regulations, while using information knowledge management concepts to further improve data provenance and interoperability. In this article we provide an overview of the terminology used in the field of FAIR data management, with a specific focus on FAIR compliant health information management, as implemented in the VODAN architecture.展开更多
文摘目的对国内外临床实践指南可实施性评估的框架或模型进行系统梳理,为国内指南的制定以及实施提供方法和借鉴。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、BMJ Best Practice、UptoDate、the Cochrane Library、医脉通、美国指南网(NGC)及英国国家临床医学研究所指南库(NICE)并补充检索Shiffman RN及Gagliardi AR的文献,检索时限为2012年1月1日至2023年8月31日。结果最终纳入26篇全文文献,8篇关于框架/模型的内容介绍,18篇关于框架/模型的临床应用。纳入6个框架/模型分别是:指南可实施性概念框架、指南实施模型(GUIDE-IT)、指南可实施性评价模型(GLIA)、指南可实施性决策卓越模型(GUIDE-M)、指南语言和格式模型(GLAFI)、指南实施计划清单。结论在指南的制定与实施中,应用合理的框架或模型可提高指南实施的有效率。指南可实施性框架或模型需要在全面性和实施之间取得平衡,未来还需验证和完善现有工具。专业的实施研究人员应积极参与具体的实施过程,以促进指南的实施,推动在实践中持续应用。
文摘The public procurement system in Bangladesh has been running by traditional manual process under the flagship of Public Procurement Act (PPA 2006) and Public Procurement Rules (PPR 2008). Public procurement agencies have been facing challenges in this manual tendering system. To overcome this problem and to bring reality to the “Digital Bangladesh” slogan, the Government of Bangladesh introduced the e-Procurement system under the e-GP (Electronic Government Procurement) guideline 2011. After the inception of e-procurement, there is no e-procurement assessment model to improve the e-GP system. The purpose of this research is to develop a conceptual framework and to design an e-procurement assessment model. With this view, we have considered one of the biggest entity Roads and Highways Department (RHD) of the Government of Bangladesh, for field study. Mixed methods along with FGD (Focus Group Discussion), KII (Key Informant Interview), and survey questionnaires are used to collect data from RHD, and then Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software is used for regression analysis and hypothesis testing to develop the e-Procurement assessment model. The novel contribution of the study lies in the test of the hypothesis that focuses on developing the conceptual model of the e-procurement assessment system in Bangladesh. Findings of the study are essential for all Procurement Entity (PE) and suppliers <i>i.e. </i> contractors of RHD who are engaged in the construction of the infrastructure project development project.
文摘目前开放教育资源被看作是实现全民教育目标的一种可行办法,对于发展中国家而言更是如此。无论是引进和改编发达国家的开放教育资源还是开发本土开放教育资源,发展中国家都能够从中受益。本文所阐述的这些准则旨在为中小学教师提供一些思路,使更多教师加入开放教育资源建设行列。换言之,教师在开发自己的开放教育资源的时候,可以参考这些准则。但是,并不是每一个开放教育资源的开发或每一位教师都必须逐一对照这些准则,制订这些准则的目的不是为了规定一定要怎么做,而是要在有兴趣自己开发开放教育资源的教师当中形成一种质量文化,鼓励他们进行专业反思。学生在自建学习资源的过程中能很好学到终身学习所必备的更高层次批判性思维技能,所以这些准则的目标对象也包括可能想通过自建学习资源进行学习的学生。本文所提出的准则框架尚在完善之中,因此希望得到用户的反馈以进一步完善。本文介绍较为简略的TIPS框架,T代表教学和学习(Teaching and learning)过程、I代表信息和材料内容(Information and material content)、P代表呈现、产品和格式(Presentation,product and format),而S代表系统、技术性的和技术(System,technical and technology)。
文摘Warming of climate system is undisputed as evident from observations of increasing average temperatures of air and ocean, large scale melting of ice and increasing global average sea levels. The effect of climate change directly impacts society through the chain of climate-hydrology-water-water resources systems-society. Adaptation and mitigation are the two ways of society to respond the changes in climate. Adaptations may be reactive, anticipatory, autonomous, planned, compliment and substitute type. The adaptations are carried out with the help of guidelines for climate impact and adaptation assessment. The guidelines are subjective or objective. Objective guidelines are step by step procedures to arrive at proper adaptation measures while subjective guidelines are step by step adaptation measures given on the basis of study of area, problem at hand and prerequisites for the adaptation. Many objective guidelines of climate impact and adaptation assessment are given. These objective guidelines can be classified into two approaches: hazard based approach and vulnerability based approach. Both approaches have their own pros and cons, so combined approach with more focus on vulnerability was suggested as the best. In this study based on the lessons learned from the adaptation case studies across the world, the combined approach framework is modified to get modified combined approach framework of guidelines for climate impact and adaptation assessment by adding the components related: 1) explicit mentioning of stakeholders 2) revision, modification and communication of adaptation actions.
基金VODAN-Africathe Philips Foundation+2 种基金the Dutch Development Bank FMOCORDAIDthe GO FAIR Foundation for supporting this research
文摘The field of health data management poses unique challenges in relation to data ownership, the privacy of data subjects, and the reusability of data. The FAIR Guidelines have been developed to address these challenges. The Virus Outbreak Data Network(VODAN) architecture builds on these principles, using the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) framework to ensure compliance with local data regulations, while using information knowledge management concepts to further improve data provenance and interoperability. In this article we provide an overview of the terminology used in the field of FAIR data management, with a specific focus on FAIR compliant health information management, as implemented in the VODAN architecture.
