Zhangweinan canal sub-basin （ZWN） has the most serious water resource shortage and water pollution problems in north of China. To calculate the water environmental capacity in ZWN, determination methods for design f...Zhangweinan canal sub-basin （ZWN） has the most serious water resource shortage and water pollution problems in north of China. To calculate the water environmental capacity in ZWN, determination methods for design flow rates and degradation coefficients were discussed in this study. Results showed that 90% and 50% hydrological guarantee flow rates were suitable to be the design flow rates for rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Degradation coefficients of CODMn and NH3-N were 0.25 day^-1 and 0.15 day^-1 for branch streams and 0.5 day^-1 and 0.25 day^-1 for mainstreams, respectively in ZWN. With one-dimensional water quality simulation model, water environmental capacities were calculated to be 82,139 tons/yr for CODMn and 2394 tons/yr for NH3-N in ZWN.展开更多
传统的能源系统难以满足不断变化的发电结构及用户用能需求,包含冷、热、电等多能流的综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)可以充分发挥多种能量耦合互补优势,促进系统资源的高效利用。为此提出综合考虑经济性和环保性,以系统...传统的能源系统难以满足不断变化的发电结构及用户用能需求,包含冷、热、电等多能流的综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)可以充分发挥多种能量耦合互补优势,促进系统资源的高效利用。为此提出综合考虑经济性和环保性,以系统全寿命周期成本最低及一次能源消耗最少为目标,构造IES优化配置模型。首先计及储能的全寿命周期运维,综合考虑储能系统的充放电损耗、容量衰减、荷电状态、能量存储时间、削峰填谷效率等因素,建立计及储能的全寿命周期运维的IES优化配置模型;继而通过算例对比分析所提优化方案与传统方案的优劣性及多目标函数权重的影响。结果表明,所提方法具有削峰填谷、促进分布式能源消纳、改善电能质量、提升供电可靠性的功能和加强IES资源高效利用的优势。展开更多
The pollutant degradation coefficient is one of the key parameters to describe the water quality change, for establishing a reasonable water quality model and to determine the water carrying capacity and the environme...The pollutant degradation coefficient is one of the key parameters to describe the water quality change, for establishing a reasonable water quality model and to determine the water carrying capacity and the environmental capacity. In this research, the environmental channel experiment is conducted to simulate the degradation evolution of the COD and NH3-N under different flow velocity conditions in typical pollution water. It is shown that the processes of the COD and the NH3-N＇s concentration over time are quite consistent with the first-order kinetic equation and the degradation coefficients increase with the increase of the flow velocity. When the flow velocity varies from 0 m＇s-1 to 0.87 m.s l, the degradation coefficients of the COD and NH3-N increase from 0.011 d-1 to 0.071 d-1 and 0.038 d-1 to 0.258 d-1, respectively. Moreover, the COD and NH3-N＇s degradation coefficients both have excellent correlation with the reaction time. There is a good linear relationship between the COD degradation coefficient and the flow velocity as well as a good power exponential function between the NH3-N degradation coefficient and the flow velocity. The compa- rative analysis of the Youth canal prototype monitoring and the calculation results shows that the quantitative formula obtained from the indoor water channel experiments gives results very close to the prototype observation results, which could reflect the degra- dation of pollutants in river water with varying flow velocity.展开更多
Improving the long-term cycling stability and energy density of all-solid-state lithium(Li)-metal batteries(ASSLMBs)at room temperature is a severe challenge because of the notorious solid–solid interfacial contact l...Improving the long-term cycling stability and energy density of all-solid-state lithium(Li)-metal batteries(ASSLMBs)at room temperature is a severe challenge because of the notorious solid–solid interfacial contact loss and sluggish ion transport.Solid electrolytes are generally studied as two-dimensional(2D)structures with planar interfaces,showing limited interfacial contact and further resulting in unstable Li/electrolyte and cathode/electrolyte interfaces.Herein,three-dimensional(3D)architecturally designed composite solid electrolytes are developed with independently controlled structural factors using 3D printing processing and post-curing treatment.Multiple-type electrolyte films with vertical-aligned micro-pillar(p-3DSE)and spiral(s-3DSE)structures are rationally designed and developed,which can be employed for both Li metal anode and cathode in terms of accelerating the Li+transport within electrodes and reinforcing the interfacial adhesion.The printed p-3DSE delivers robust long-term cycle life of up to 2600 cycles and a high critical current density of 1.92 mA cm^(−2).The optimized electrolyte structure could lead to ASSLMBs with a superior full-cell areal capacity of 2.75 mAh cm^(−2)(LFP)and 3.92 mAh cm^(−2)(NCM811).This unique design provides enhancements for both anode and cathode electrodes,thereby alleviating interfacial degradation induced by dendrite growth and contact loss.The approach in this study opens a new design strategy for advanced composite solid polymer electrolytes in ASSLMBs operating under high rates/capacities and room temperature.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Re-search Program (973) of China (No. 2006CB403303)the Grand Special Science and Technology Project on National Water Pollution Management (No. 2008ZX07209-009)the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars (No. 50809006)
文摘Zhangweinan canal sub-basin （ZWN） has the most serious water resource shortage and water pollution problems in north of China. To calculate the water environmental capacity in ZWN, determination methods for design flow rates and degradation coefficients were discussed in this study. Results showed that 90% and 50% hydrological guarantee flow rates were suitable to be the design flow rates for rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Degradation coefficients of CODMn and NH3-N were 0.25 day^-1 and 0.15 day^-1 for branch streams and 0.5 day^-1 and 0.25 day^-1 for mainstreams, respectively in ZWN. With one-dimensional water quality simulation model, water environmental capacities were calculated to be 82,139 tons/yr for CODMn and 2394 tons/yr for NH3-N in ZWN.
文摘传统的能源系统难以满足不断变化的发电结构及用户用能需求,包含冷、热、电等多能流的综合能源系统(integrated energy system, IES)可以充分发挥多种能量耦合互补优势,促进系统资源的高效利用。为此提出综合考虑经济性和环保性,以系统全寿命周期成本最低及一次能源消耗最少为目标,构造IES优化配置模型。首先计及储能的全寿命周期运维,综合考虑储能系统的充放电损耗、容量衰减、荷电状态、能量存储时间、削峰填谷效率等因素,建立计及储能的全寿命周期运维的IES优化配置模型;继而通过算例对比分析所提优化方案与传统方案的优劣性及多目标函数权重的影响。结果表明,所提方法具有削峰填谷、促进分布式能源消纳、改善电能质量、提升供电可靠性的功能和加强IES资源高效利用的优势。
基金Project supported by the Guangdong Provincial Hydrau-lic Technology Innovation Project(Grant Nos.2009-24,2011-08,2012-03)the Guangdong Provincial Hydraulic Tech-nology Key Innovation Project(Grant No.2014-06)
文摘The pollutant degradation coefficient is one of the key parameters to describe the water quality change, for establishing a reasonable water quality model and to determine the water carrying capacity and the environmental capacity. In this research, the environmental channel experiment is conducted to simulate the degradation evolution of the COD and NH3-N under different flow velocity conditions in typical pollution water. It is shown that the processes of the COD and the NH3-N＇s concentration over time are quite consistent with the first-order kinetic equation and the degradation coefficients increase with the increase of the flow velocity. When the flow velocity varies from 0 m＇s-1 to 0.87 m.s l, the degradation coefficients of the COD and NH3-N increase from 0.011 d-1 to 0.071 d-1 and 0.038 d-1 to 0.258 d-1, respectively. Moreover, the COD and NH3-N＇s degradation coefficients both have excellent correlation with the reaction time. There is a good linear relationship between the COD degradation coefficient and the flow velocity as well as a good power exponential function between the NH3-N degradation coefficient and the flow velocity. The compa- rative analysis of the Youth canal prototype monitoring and the calculation results shows that the quantitative formula obtained from the indoor water channel experiments gives results very close to the prototype observation results, which could reflect the degra- dation of pollutants in river water with varying flow velocity.
基金This work was financially supported by Stable Support Plan Program for Higher Education Institutions(20220815094504001)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage(ZDSYS20220401141000001)+1 种基金This work was also financially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(GJHZ20200731095606021,20200925155544005)the Project of Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone(HZQB-KCZYB-2020083)。
文摘Improving the long-term cycling stability and energy density of all-solid-state lithium(Li)-metal batteries(ASSLMBs)at room temperature is a severe challenge because of the notorious solid–solid interfacial contact loss and sluggish ion transport.Solid electrolytes are generally studied as two-dimensional(2D)structures with planar interfaces,showing limited interfacial contact and further resulting in unstable Li/electrolyte and cathode/electrolyte interfaces.Herein,three-dimensional(3D)architecturally designed composite solid electrolytes are developed with independently controlled structural factors using 3D printing processing and post-curing treatment.Multiple-type electrolyte films with vertical-aligned micro-pillar(p-3DSE)and spiral(s-3DSE)structures are rationally designed and developed,which can be employed for both Li metal anode and cathode in terms of accelerating the Li+transport within electrodes and reinforcing the interfacial adhesion.The printed p-3DSE delivers robust long-term cycle life of up to 2600 cycles and a high critical current density of 1.92 mA cm^(−2).The optimized electrolyte structure could lead to ASSLMBs with a superior full-cell areal capacity of 2.75 mAh cm^(−2)(LFP)and 3.92 mAh cm^(−2)(NCM811).This unique design provides enhancements for both anode and cathode electrodes,thereby alleviating interfacial degradation induced by dendrite growth and contact loss.The approach in this study opens a new design strategy for advanced composite solid polymer electrolytes in ASSLMBs operating under high rates/capacities and room temperature.
