Methodological quality(risk of bias)assessment is an important step before study initiation usage.Therefore,accurately judging study type is the first priority,and the choosing proper tool is also important.In this re...Methodological quality(risk of bias)assessment is an important step before study initiation usage.Therefore,accurately judging study type is the first priority,and the choosing proper tool is also important.In this review,we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial(including individual and cluster),animal study,non-randomized interventional studies(including follow-up study,controlled before-and-after study,before-after/pre-post study,uncontrolled longitudinal study,interrupted time series study),cohort study,case-control study,cross-sectional study(including analytical and descriptive),observational case series and case reports,comparative effectiveness research,diagnostic study,health economic evaluation,prediction study(including predictor finding study,prediction model impact study,prognostic prediction model study),qualitative study,outcome measurement instruments(including patient-reported outcome measure development,content validity,structural validity,internal consistency,cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance,reliability,measurement error,criterion validity,hypotheses testing for construct validity,and responsiveness),systematic review and meta-analysis,and clinical practice guideline.The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools.In one word,comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.展开更多
API SPEC5D标准规定的材料性能指标不能反映钻杆抵抗疲劳及腐蚀疲劳的性能。对4个厂家的S135钢级钻杆的材料进行了腐蚀疲劳寿命试验、拉伸性能试验及成分分析。试验结果表明,虽然4种钻杆的化学成分及材料性能都符合标准要求,且材料的拉...API SPEC5D标准规定的材料性能指标不能反映钻杆抵抗疲劳及腐蚀疲劳的性能。对4个厂家的S135钢级钻杆的材料进行了腐蚀疲劳寿命试验、拉伸性能试验及成分分析。试验结果表明,虽然4种钻杆的化学成分及材料性能都符合标准要求,且材料的拉伸强度基本相同,但腐蚀疲劳寿命相差很大。腐蚀疲劳断口观察及断裂机理分析表明,腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展机理是阳极溶解与氢致开裂共存,氢致开裂加快了疲劳裂纹扩展。材料低倍组织酸洗检验、显微组织分析表明,4种钻杆的金属组织特别是低倍组织有明显差别。低倍组织反映了成分偏析程度、夹杂物含量及分布等。成分偏析及夹杂物导致材料的阳极溶解、特别是氢致开裂速度加快,所以是腐蚀疲劳寿命减少的主要原因。油田数据验证,钻杆材料的低倍组织酸洗检验可作为间接评定钻杆材料腐蚀疲劳性能的方法。展开更多
基金supported(in part)by the Entrusted Project of National commission on health and health of China(No.2019099)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFC0106300)the Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2019FFB03902)。
文摘Methodological quality(risk of bias)assessment is an important step before study initiation usage.Therefore,accurately judging study type is the first priority,and the choosing proper tool is also important.In this review,we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial(including individual and cluster),animal study,non-randomized interventional studies(including follow-up study,controlled before-and-after study,before-after/pre-post study,uncontrolled longitudinal study,interrupted time series study),cohort study,case-control study,cross-sectional study(including analytical and descriptive),observational case series and case reports,comparative effectiveness research,diagnostic study,health economic evaluation,prediction study(including predictor finding study,prediction model impact study,prognostic prediction model study),qualitative study,outcome measurement instruments(including patient-reported outcome measure development,content validity,structural validity,internal consistency,cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance,reliability,measurement error,criterion validity,hypotheses testing for construct validity,and responsiveness),systematic review and meta-analysis,and clinical practice guideline.The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools.In one word,comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.
