Filamentous algae blooms(FABs)have been increasing globally in recent years,and their presence can have both harmful and beneficial effects on aquatic ecosystems.As one of the most common FABs,Cladophora blooms have b...Filamentous algae blooms(FABs)have been increasing globally in recent years,and their presence can have both harmful and beneficial effects on aquatic ecosystems.As one of the most common FABs,Cladophora blooms have been reported in the lakes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the past few years.However,there have been few studies focused on how FABs impact other aquatic organisms,especially in alpine lakes since these are at the forefront of responding to global climate change.In this study,the phytoplankton communities in different regions of Qinghai Lake were profiled in different seasons using meta-barcode sequencing.The phytoplankton assemblages in areas with Cladophora blooms were compared to those without Cladophora.The phytoplankton community structure correlated with physicochemical properties including water temperature,electrical conductivity,nitrate,and the presence or absence of Cladophora blooms.The relative abundance of Bacillariophytes was found to be higher in zones with Cladophora blooms than in other regions.Significant seasonal changes in phytoplankton biomass andβdiversity were observed in zones with Cladophora blooms.Growth and microbial degradation of Cladophora can change the pH,dissolved oxygen,secchi depth,and nitrate.Together with seasonal temperature and electrical conductivity changes,Cladophora growth can significantly impact the phytoplankton biomass,community dissimilarity and assembly process.These results showed that Cladophora plays a key role in littoral aquatic ecosystem ecology.展开更多
Urban soils harbor billions of bacterial cells and millions of species.However,the distribution patterns and assembly processes of bacterial communities remain largely uncharacterized in urban soils.It is also unknown...Urban soils harbor billions of bacterial cells and millions of species.However,the distribution patterns and assembly processes of bacterial communities remain largely uncharacterized in urban soils.It is also unknown if we can use the bacteria to track soil sources to certain cities and districts.Here,Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to survey soil bacterial communities from 529 random plots spanning 61 districts and 10 major cities in China.Over a 3,000 km range,community similarity declined with increasing geographic distance(Mantel r=0.62),and community composition was clustered by city(R^(2)=0.50).Within cities(<100 km),the aforementioned biogeographic patterns were weakened.Process analysis showed that homogenizing dispersal and dispersal limitation dominated soil bacterial assembly at small and large spatial scales,respectively.Accordingly,the probabilities of accurately tracking random soil sources to certain cities and districts were 90.0% and 66.7%,respectively.When the tested samples originated from cities that were more than 1,265 km apart,the soil sources could be identified with nearly 100% accuracy.Overall,this study demonstrates the strong distance-decay relationship and the clear geographic zoning of urban soil bacterial communities among cities.The varied importance of different community assembly processes at multiple spatial scales strongly affects the accuracy of microbial source tracking.展开更多
Plant roots are one of the major mediators that allocate carbon captured from the atmosphere to soils as rhizodeposits,including root exudates.Although rhizodeposition regulates both microbial activity and the biogeoc...Plant roots are one of the major mediators that allocate carbon captured from the atmosphere to soils as rhizodeposits,including root exudates.Although rhizodeposition regulates both microbial activity and the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients,the effects of particular exudate species on soil carbon fluxes and key rhizosphere microorganisms remain unclear.By combining high-throughput sequencing,q-PCR,and NanoSIMS analyses,we characterized the bacterial community structure,quantified total bacteria depending on root exudate chemistry,and analyzed the consequences on the mobility of mineral-protected carbon.Using well-controlled incubation experiments,we showed that the three most abundant groups of root exudates(amino acids,carboxylic acids,and sugars)have contrasting effects on the release of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and bioavailable Fe in an Ultisol through the disruption of organo-mineral associations and the alteration of bacterial communities,thus priming organic matter decomposition in the rhizosphere.High resolution(down to 50 nm)NanoSIMS images of mineral particles indicated that iron and silicon colocalized significantly more organic carbon following amino acid inputs than treatments without exudates or with carboxylic acids.The application of sugar strongly reduced microbial diversity without impacting soil carbon mobilization.Carboxylic acids increased the prevalence of Actinobacteria and facilitated carbon mobilization,whereas amino acid addition increased the abundances of Proteobacteria that prevented DOC release.In summary,root exudate functions are defined by their chemical composition that regulates bacterial community composition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the rhizosphere.展开更多
Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles,yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons,remain elusive,espec...Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles,yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons,remain elusive,especially in the case of soil archaea.Here,we conducted a study on soil abundant and rare archaeal taxa during the growing and non-growing seasons in the active layer of alpine permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The results suggested that,for the archaeal communities in the sub-layer,abundant taxa exhibited higher diversity,while rare taxa maintained a more stable composition from the growing to non-growing season.Water soluble organic carbon and soil porosity were the most significant environmental variables affecting the compositions of abundant and rare taxa,respectively.Stochastic and deterministic processes dominated the assemblies of rare and abundant taxa,respectively.The archaeal ecological network influenced N_(2)O flux through different modules.Rare taxa performed an essential role in stabilizing the network and exerting important effects on N_(2)O flux.Our study provides a pioneering and comprehensive investigation aimed at unravelling the mechanisms by which archaea or other microorganisms influence greenhouse gas emissions in the alpine permafrost.展开更多
The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity...The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity(PBD) of congeners that are disjunctly distributed between eastern Asia-eastern North America(EA-ENA disjuncts) and their associated factors remain unknown.Here we investigated the standardized effect size of PD(SES-PD),PBD,and potentially associated factors in 11natural mixed forest sites(five in EA and six in ENA) where abundant EA-ENA disjuncts occur.We found that the disjuncts in ENA possessed higher SES-PD than those in EA at the continental scale(1.96vs-1.12),even though the number of disjunct species in ENA is much lower than in EA(128 vs 263).SESPD of the EA-ENA disjuncts tended to decrease with increasing latitude in 11 sites.The latitudinal diversity gradient of SES-PD was stronger in EA sites than in ENA sites.Based on the unweighted unique fraction metric(UniFrac) distance and the phylogenetic community dissimilarity,PBD showed that the two northern sites in EA were more similar to the six-site ENA group than to the remaining southern EA sites.Based on the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances(SES-MPD),nine of eleven studied sites showed a neutral community structure(-1.96 ≤SES-MPD ≤1.96).Both Pearson’s r and structural equation modeling suggested that SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was mostly associated with mean divergence time.Moreover,SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was positively correlated with temperaturerelated climatic factors,although negatively correlated with mean diversification rate and community structure.By applying approaches from phylogenetics and community ecology,our work sheds light on historical patterns of the EA-ENA disjunction and paves the way for further research.展开更多
●Soil erosion resulted in homogenization of bacterial communities in the watershed.●Microbial community heterogeneity among erosion sites made soil tracing possible.●Assembly process results showed that the trackin...●Soil erosion resulted in homogenization of bacterial communities in the watershed.●Microbial community heterogeneity among erosion sites made soil tracing possible.●Assembly process results showed that the tracking results can achieve high precision.●Dryland was the main source of sediment deposition based on the result of FEAST.Sediment source tracing can accurately provide a theoretical basis for controlling soil erosion effectively,by identifying the most serious types of land use.Traditional sediment tracing methods are based on physical,chemical,biological,and composite fingerprinting,which have not included microbes.As high-throughput sequencing becomes more prevalent,microorganisms can provide more information than what we think.Thus,whether the microorganism can also be used as a special fingerprint factor for sediment source identification during soil erosion,we have tested it by using microbial source tracking tool FEAST to quantify the microbe contribution from five types of eroded land(including dryland,urban,paddy field,forest and grassland)to the depositional areas(Niubitan)in the Yuanjiang basin.The source microbial community in the erosive area was heterogeneous,and assembly process analysis further demonstrated that the source tracking results could reach higher accuracy.The results of FEAST showed that dryland(35.50%),urban(17.21%),paddy field(8.14%),and forest(1.07%)were the major contributors to Niubitan.Our results follow the general soil erosion rules and prove its validity.Taken together,a new perspective is provided by these results for tracing sediment sources in erosion-sedimentary systems.展开更多
Manufacturing is the application of labor, tools,machines, chemical and biological processing, to an original raw material by changing its physical and geometrical characteristics, in order to make finished products. ...Manufacturing is the application of labor, tools,machines, chemical and biological processing, to an original raw material by changing its physical and geometrical characteristics, in order to make finished products. Since the first industrial revolution, to accommodate the large-scale production,tremendous changes have happened to manufacturing through the innovations of technology, organization, management, transportation and communication. This work first reviews the highvolume low-mix process by focusing on the quantity production,transfer line and single model assembly line. Then, it reviews the high-volume high-mix process. For such a process type,mixed/multi model assembly line is usually adopted. Hence,two main decisions on them, i.e., balancing and, sequencing are reviewed. Thereafter, it discusses the low-volume high-mix process in detail. Then, technology gap and future work is discussed, and at last, conclusions are given.展开更多
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) are important in converting ammonia into nitrate in soils. While many aspects of their community structure have been studied, the relative importance of stochastic versus deterministic p...Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) are important in converting ammonia into nitrate in soils. While many aspects of their community structure have been studied, the relative importance of stochastic versus deterministic processes has poorly been understood. We compared AOA communities across the North China Plain, targeting the amoA gene. A phylogenetic null modelling approach was used to calculate the beta nearest taxon index to quantify the influence of stochastic and deterministic processes. We found that spatial distance between samples predicted the perceived processes involved in community structuring, with stochastic processes dominating at local scales. At greater distances, stochasticity became weaker. However, soil pH, which was also the strongest determinant of AOA community, was a much stronger predictor of community structuring, leaving the distance effect redundant as an explanation of community structuring processes. The communities of AOA differing by less than 1 pH unit differed mainly stochastically in terms of operational taxonomic unit composition. At larger pH differences, deterministic processes based on heterogeneous selection between clades became increasingly dominant. It appears that AOA community composition is largely determined by the environment. However, very similar pH environments are the exception. In environments with very close pH values, stochastic effects dominantly cause differences in community composition, whether spatially near or far.展开更多
Fuel-driven dissipative self-assembly,which is a well-established concept in recent years,refers to out-of-equilibrium molecular self-assembly initiated and supported by the addition of active molecules (chemical fuel...Fuel-driven dissipative self-assembly,which is a well-established concept in recent years,refers to out-of-equilibrium molecular self-assembly initiated and supported by the addition of active molecules (chemical fuel).It widely exists in nature since many temporary,active micro- or nanostructures in living bodies are generated by the dissipative self-assembly of biomolecules.Therefore,the study on dissipative self-assembly provides a good opportunity to have an insight into the microscopic mechanism of living organisms.In the meantime,dissipative assembly is thought to be a potential pathway to achieve dynamic,temporary supramolecular materials.Recently,a number of temporary materials have been developed with the aid of strategies for realizing dissipative self-assembly.Some of their properties,including solubility,stiffness,turbidity,color,or self-healing ability,change upon the addition of chemical fuel but spontaneously restore with chemical fuel consumption.The dynamic of these materials brings them various unprecedented functions.In this review,the principles of fabricating a fuel-driven temporary material are first reviewed.Subsequently,recent examples of fuel-driven temporary materials are emphatically summarized,including gels,self-erased inks,nanoreactors,self-healing materials,nanochannels,and droplets.Finally,the challenges of developing fuel-driven temporary materials and some perspectives on the function and application of such kind of materials are discussed.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20454)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research program(Grant No.2019QZKK0304).
文摘Filamentous algae blooms(FABs)have been increasing globally in recent years,and their presence can have both harmful and beneficial effects on aquatic ecosystems.As one of the most common FABs,Cladophora blooms have been reported in the lakes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the past few years.However,there have been few studies focused on how FABs impact other aquatic organisms,especially in alpine lakes since these are at the forefront of responding to global climate change.In this study,the phytoplankton communities in different regions of Qinghai Lake were profiled in different seasons using meta-barcode sequencing.The phytoplankton assemblages in areas with Cladophora blooms were compared to those without Cladophora.The phytoplankton community structure correlated with physicochemical properties including water temperature,electrical conductivity,nitrate,and the presence or absence of Cladophora blooms.The relative abundance of Bacillariophytes was found to be higher in zones with Cladophora blooms than in other regions.Significant seasonal changes in phytoplankton biomass andβdiversity were observed in zones with Cladophora blooms.Growth and microbial degradation of Cladophora can change the pH,dissolved oxygen,secchi depth,and nitrate.Together with seasonal temperature and electrical conductivity changes,Cladophora growth can significantly impact the phytoplankton biomass,community dissimilarity and assembly process.These results showed that Cladophora plays a key role in littoral aquatic ecosystem ecology.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0803803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41907039)。
文摘Urban soils harbor billions of bacterial cells and millions of species.However,the distribution patterns and assembly processes of bacterial communities remain largely uncharacterized in urban soils.It is also unknown if we can use the bacteria to track soil sources to certain cities and districts.Here,Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to survey soil bacterial communities from 529 random plots spanning 61 districts and 10 major cities in China.Over a 3,000 km range,community similarity declined with increasing geographic distance(Mantel r=0.62),and community composition was clustered by city(R^(2)=0.50).Within cities(<100 km),the aforementioned biogeographic patterns were weakened.Process analysis showed that homogenizing dispersal and dispersal limitation dominated soil bacterial assembly at small and large spatial scales,respectively.Accordingly,the probabilities of accurately tracking random soil sources to certain cities and districts were 90.0% and 66.7%,respectively.When the tested samples originated from cities that were more than 1,265 km apart,the soil sources could be identified with nearly 100% accuracy.Overall,this study demonstrates the strong distance-decay relationship and the clear geographic zoning of urban soil bacterial communities among cities.The varied importance of different community assembly processes at multiple spatial scales strongly affects the accuracy of microbial source tracking.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.31902107 and 41977271)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20211577)+3 种基金the Innovative Research Team Development Plan of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.IRT_17R56)supported by Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe support by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Programthe WeChat subscription ID“meta-Genome”and“Micro-Bioinformatics and microflora”for the analysis methods.
文摘Plant roots are one of the major mediators that allocate carbon captured from the atmosphere to soils as rhizodeposits,including root exudates.Although rhizodeposition regulates both microbial activity and the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients,the effects of particular exudate species on soil carbon fluxes and key rhizosphere microorganisms remain unclear.By combining high-throughput sequencing,q-PCR,and NanoSIMS analyses,we characterized the bacterial community structure,quantified total bacteria depending on root exudate chemistry,and analyzed the consequences on the mobility of mineral-protected carbon.Using well-controlled incubation experiments,we showed that the three most abundant groups of root exudates(amino acids,carboxylic acids,and sugars)have contrasting effects on the release of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and bioavailable Fe in an Ultisol through the disruption of organo-mineral associations and the alteration of bacterial communities,thus priming organic matter decomposition in the rhizosphere.High resolution(down to 50 nm)NanoSIMS images of mineral particles indicated that iron and silicon colocalized significantly more organic carbon following amino acid inputs than treatments without exudates or with carboxylic acids.The application of sugar strongly reduced microbial diversity without impacting soil carbon mobilization.Carboxylic acids increased the prevalence of Actinobacteria and facilitated carbon mobilization,whereas amino acid addition increased the abundances of Proteobacteria that prevented DOC release.In summary,root exudate functions are defined by their chemical composition that regulates bacterial community composition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the rhizosphere.
基金This work was supported by Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program(22ZD6FA005)"Light of the West"Cross-team Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzgzdsys-202214)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871064)Qinghai Province High-level Innovative"Thousand Talents"Program.
文摘Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles,yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons,remain elusive,especially in the case of soil archaea.Here,we conducted a study on soil abundant and rare archaeal taxa during the growing and non-growing seasons in the active layer of alpine permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The results suggested that,for the archaeal communities in the sub-layer,abundant taxa exhibited higher diversity,while rare taxa maintained a more stable composition from the growing to non-growing season.Water soluble organic carbon and soil porosity were the most significant environmental variables affecting the compositions of abundant and rare taxa,respectively.Stochastic and deterministic processes dominated the assemblies of rare and abundant taxa,respectively.The archaeal ecological network influenced N_(2)O flux through different modules.Rare taxa performed an essential role in stabilizing the network and exerting important effects on N_(2)O flux.Our study provides a pioneering and comprehensive investigation aimed at unravelling the mechanisms by which archaea or other microorganisms influence greenhouse gas emissions in the alpine permafrost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31461123001 to C.X.F.)the US National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity US-China Program (DEB-1442280 to P.S.S.and D.E.S.)+1 种基金the HZAU Talent Start-up Fund (Grant no.11042210014 to M.S.)the China Scholarship Council (Grant no.201806320056 to H.Y.L.)。
文摘The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity(PBD) of congeners that are disjunctly distributed between eastern Asia-eastern North America(EA-ENA disjuncts) and their associated factors remain unknown.Here we investigated the standardized effect size of PD(SES-PD),PBD,and potentially associated factors in 11natural mixed forest sites(five in EA and six in ENA) where abundant EA-ENA disjuncts occur.We found that the disjuncts in ENA possessed higher SES-PD than those in EA at the continental scale(1.96vs-1.12),even though the number of disjunct species in ENA is much lower than in EA(128 vs 263).SESPD of the EA-ENA disjuncts tended to decrease with increasing latitude in 11 sites.The latitudinal diversity gradient of SES-PD was stronger in EA sites than in ENA sites.Based on the unweighted unique fraction metric(UniFrac) distance and the phylogenetic community dissimilarity,PBD showed that the two northern sites in EA were more similar to the six-site ENA group than to the remaining southern EA sites.Based on the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances(SES-MPD),nine of eleven studied sites showed a neutral community structure(-1.96 ≤SES-MPD ≤1.96).Both Pearson’s r and structural equation modeling suggested that SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was mostly associated with mean divergence time.Moreover,SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was positively correlated with temperaturerelated climatic factors,although negatively correlated with mean diversification rate and community structure.By applying approaches from phylogenetics and community ecology,our work sheds light on historical patterns of the EA-ENA disjunction and paves the way for further research.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China provided funding for this project(U19A2047).
文摘●Soil erosion resulted in homogenization of bacterial communities in the watershed.●Microbial community heterogeneity among erosion sites made soil tracing possible.●Assembly process results showed that the tracking results can achieve high precision.●Dryland was the main source of sediment deposition based on the result of FEAST.Sediment source tracing can accurately provide a theoretical basis for controlling soil erosion effectively,by identifying the most serious types of land use.Traditional sediment tracing methods are based on physical,chemical,biological,and composite fingerprinting,which have not included microbes.As high-throughput sequencing becomes more prevalent,microorganisms can provide more information than what we think.Thus,whether the microorganism can also be used as a special fingerprint factor for sediment source identification during soil erosion,we have tested it by using microbial source tracking tool FEAST to quantify the microbe contribution from five types of eroded land(including dryland,urban,paddy field,forest and grassland)to the depositional areas(Niubitan)in the Yuanjiang basin.The source microbial community in the erosive area was heterogeneous,and assembly process analysis further demonstrated that the source tracking results could reach higher accuracy.The results of FEAST showed that dryland(35.50%),urban(17.21%),paddy field(8.14%),and forest(1.07%)were the major contributors to Niubitan.Our results follow the general soil erosion rules and prove its validity.Taken together,a new perspective is provided by these results for tracing sediment sources in erosion-sedimentary systems.
基金conducted within the Delta-NTU Corporate Lab for Cyber-Physical Systems with funding support from Delta Electronics Incthe National Research Foundation(NRF)Singapore under the Corp Lab@University Scheme
文摘Manufacturing is the application of labor, tools,machines, chemical and biological processing, to an original raw material by changing its physical and geometrical characteristics, in order to make finished products. Since the first industrial revolution, to accommodate the large-scale production,tremendous changes have happened to manufacturing through the innovations of technology, organization, management, transportation and communication. This work first reviews the highvolume low-mix process by focusing on the quantity production,transfer line and single model assembly line. Then, it reviews the high-volume high-mix process. For such a process type,mixed/multi model assembly line is usually adopted. Hence,two main decisions on them, i.e., balancing and, sequencing are reviewed. Thereafter, it discusses the low-volume high-mix process in detail. Then, technology gap and future work is discussed, and at last, conclusions are given.
文摘Ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) are important in converting ammonia into nitrate in soils. While many aspects of their community structure have been studied, the relative importance of stochastic versus deterministic processes has poorly been understood. We compared AOA communities across the North China Plain, targeting the amoA gene. A phylogenetic null modelling approach was used to calculate the beta nearest taxon index to quantify the influence of stochastic and deterministic processes. We found that spatial distance between samples predicted the perceived processes involved in community structuring, with stochastic processes dominating at local scales. At greater distances, stochasticity became weaker. However, soil pH, which was also the strongest determinant of AOA community, was a much stronger predictor of community structuring, leaving the distance effect redundant as an explanation of community structuring processes. The communities of AOA differing by less than 1 pH unit differed mainly stochastically in terms of operational taxonomic unit composition. At larger pH differences, deterministic processes based on heterogeneous selection between clades became increasingly dominant. It appears that AOA community composition is largely determined by the environment. However, very similar pH environments are the exception. In environments with very close pH values, stochastic effects dominantly cause differences in community composition, whether spatially near or far.
基金financially supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LH2022B009)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21704023,U20A20339).
文摘Fuel-driven dissipative self-assembly,which is a well-established concept in recent years,refers to out-of-equilibrium molecular self-assembly initiated and supported by the addition of active molecules (chemical fuel).It widely exists in nature since many temporary,active micro- or nanostructures in living bodies are generated by the dissipative self-assembly of biomolecules.Therefore,the study on dissipative self-assembly provides a good opportunity to have an insight into the microscopic mechanism of living organisms.In the meantime,dissipative assembly is thought to be a potential pathway to achieve dynamic,temporary supramolecular materials.Recently,a number of temporary materials have been developed with the aid of strategies for realizing dissipative self-assembly.Some of their properties,including solubility,stiffness,turbidity,color,or self-healing ability,change upon the addition of chemical fuel but spontaneously restore with chemical fuel consumption.The dynamic of these materials brings them various unprecedented functions.In this review,the principles of fabricating a fuel-driven temporary material are first reviewed.Subsequently,recent examples of fuel-driven temporary materials are emphatically summarized,including gels,self-erased inks,nanoreactors,self-healing materials,nanochannels,and droplets.Finally,the challenges of developing fuel-driven temporary materials and some perspectives on the function and application of such kind of materials are discussed.
