Using rain-gauge-observation daily precipitation data from the Global Historical Climatology Network(V3.25)and the Chinese Surface Daily Climate Dataset(V3.0),this study investigates the fidelity of the AHPRODITE data...Using rain-gauge-observation daily precipitation data from the Global Historical Climatology Network(V3.25)and the Chinese Surface Daily Climate Dataset(V3.0),this study investigates the fidelity of the AHPRODITE dataset in representing extreme precipitation,in terms of the extreme precipitation threshold value,occurrence number,probability of detection,and extremal dependence index during the cool(October to April)and warm(May to September)seasons in Central Asia during 1961–90.The distribution of extreme precipitation is characterized by large extreme precipitation threshold values and high occurrence numbers over the mountainous areas.The APHRODITE dataset is highly correlated with the gauge-observation precipitation data and can reproduce the spatial distributions of the extreme precipitation threshold value and total occurrence number.However,APHRODITE generally underestimates the extreme precipitation threshold values,while it overestimates the total numbers of extreme precipitation events,particularly over the mountainous areas.These biases can be attributed to the overestimation of light rainfall and the underestimation of heavy rainfall induced by the rainfall distribution–based interpolation.Such deficits are more evident for the warm season than the cool season,and thus the biases are more pronounced in the warm season than in the cool season.The probability of detection and extremal dependence index reveal that APHRODITE has a good capability of detecting extreme precipitation,particularly in the cool season.展开更多
The V1003R1 version of the monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation time series of the Middle East APHRODITE database and Asfazari database within Iranian territory in the time interval 1961 and 2004 were compared w...The V1003R1 version of the monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation time series of the Middle East APHRODITE database and Asfazari database within Iranian territory in the time interval 1961 and 2004 were compared with each other. The monthly, seasonal and annual time series of the both databases in most cases show a random behavior and the time series follow a similar pattern with a significant autocorrelation of both databases. Studying cross-correlation between the time series of the two bases indicate that the zero lag significance in the monthly, seasonal and annual time series statistically confirm the coincidence of the peak and fall in the time series of both bases. Wilcoxon Test with 95% confidence confirms significance of the mean difference of the two series. However, there is not enough evidence to confirm the null hypothesis suggesting lack of difference between means of the two series. The statistical-objective analysis of the two bases’ time series indicates that although the series follow a similar course, the estimated precipitation quantity in monthly, seasonal and annual time series of APHRODITE base, except in several monthly time series and in trivial quantities, has been less than the estimated precipitation of Asfazari bases, but the amount of the difference was not constant and did not follow a regular pattern, although this difference has been narrowed in recent years.展开更多
Glacier shrinkage is a globally occurring phenomena.High-resolution change detection based on frequent mapping and monitoring of high-altitude glaciers is necessary to precisely evaluate future water availability and ...Glacier shrinkage is a globally occurring phenomena.High-resolution change detection based on frequent mapping and monitoring of high-altitude glaciers is necessary to precisely evaluate future water availability and to understand glacier evolution under different climatic scenarios in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayan(HKH)region.This also holds true for the Bhaga basin of the western Himalaya.This study investigates glacier and glacier lake changes in the Bhaga basin,over the last five decades based on satellite imagery including Corona KH4(1971),Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+;2000),Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor(LISS Ⅳ;2013),and Sentinel 2(2020).Regional temperature and precipitation trends were evaluated from gridded climatic datasets(1900–2020).In the Bhaga basin 306 glaciers(>0.2 km^(2))were mapped with a total area of 360.3±4.0 km^(2),of which 55.7±0.6 km^(2)was covered with debris in 2013.The total glacier covered area decreased by∼8.2±1.5%(0.16±0.03%yr-1)during the entire observation period 1971–2020,with noticeable heterogeneity between tributary watersheds.In the past two decades(2000–2020),the deglaciation rate has increased significantly(0.25%yr-1)compared to the previous decades(1971–2000;0.12%yr-1).Glacier lake area increased by 0.6±0.1 km^(2)(0.012 km^(2)yr-1)between 1971 and 2020.The NCEP/NCAR climatic data reveals an increase of 0.63℃in temperature and a decrease of 6.39 mm in precipitation for the period 1948–2018.In comparison,APHRODITE data shows an increasing trend in temperature of 1.14℃between 1961 and 2015 and decreasing trend in precipitation of 31 mm between 1951 and 2007.Both NCEP/NCAR and APHRODITE data reveal significant temperature increase and precipitation decrease since the 1990s,which have probably augmented ice loss in the Bhaga basin during the early 21st century.展开更多
The Phalaenopsis aphrodite industry has the characteristics of high technology content,industrialization,modern management,organic combination of industry and strong radiation effect. On the basis of investigation,we ...The Phalaenopsis aphrodite industry has the characteristics of high technology content,industrialization,modern management,organic combination of industry and strong radiation effect. On the basis of investigation,we expounded the current development situation of the P. aphrodite industry in Guangdong,analyzed the aspects of production elements and demand conditions based on the " diamond theory",and put forward suggestion and countermeasures for the development of the P. aphrodite industry.展开更多
Rainfall data with an appropriate spatial resolution is a key input to hydrological models.However,networks of rain gauges are often sparsely and unevenly distributed in large catchments,especially in developing count...Rainfall data with an appropriate spatial resolution is a key input to hydrological models.However,networks of rain gauges are often sparsely and unevenly distributed in large catchments,especially in developing countries.High-resolution rainfall datasets,such as the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources(APHRODITE),the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR),the Climatic Research Unit Time Series(CRUTS),the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC)and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM),have become available to overcome such limitations.The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of four land-based rainfall products(APHRODITE,CFSR,CRU-TS,and GPCC)and a satellite-based rainfall product(TRMM)on streamflow of the upper catchment of Tri An reservoir in Vietnam using the Hydrological Modeling System(HEC-HMS).In addition,the available rain gauges data were used for comparison purpose.Result indicates that the TRMM and GPCC data show their best match to rain gauges data in simulating the streamflow in the period 1999–2007.Generally,the results indicate that the TRMM and GPCC data could be alternative solutions.展开更多
目的比较保留耻骨后间隙机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术（robotic—assistedLaparoscopicradicalprostatectomy，RALP）与经典的阿芙罗狄蒂面纱保留神经RALP的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年12月收治的39例行保留耻骨后...目的比较保留耻骨后间隙机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术（robotic—assistedLaparoscopicradicalprostatectomy，RALP）与经典的阿芙罗狄蒂面纱保留神经RALP的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年12月收治的39例行保留耻骨后间隙RALP（后入路组）和阿芙罗狄蒂面纱保留神经RALP（前入路组）患者的临床资料。后入路组19例，平均年龄（66．3±5．9）岁，平均体重指数（25．5±3．1）kg／m^2，术前tPSA平均（16．4±5．0）．g／ml，术前Gleason评分中位值6分（5—7分），前列腺体积平均（32．7±7．4）ml，术前国际勃起功能间卷表-5（international index of erectilefunction-5，IIEF-5）评分中位值14分（5—18分）。前入路组20例，平均年龄（64．6±7．3）岁，体重指数平均（25．5±2．0）kg／in。，术前tPSA平均（18．5±1I．0）．g／ml，术前Gleason评分中位值7分（5～8分），前列腺体积平均（31．4±10．8）ml，术前IIEF．5评分中位值15分（6—19分）。两组患者的上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。术前临床分期后入路组cT1c期8例、cT2a期3例、ck期2例、cT2c期6例，前入路组cT1c期1例、cT2a期6例、cT2b期5例、cL期8例。所有患者术前尿控均正常。两组患者均采用经腹腔入路RALP。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后病理分期、术后Gleason评分、尿控恢复时间、术后IIEF-5评分。结果39例手术均顺利完成，无中转开放手术，无输血病例，无严重术中、术后并发症发生。术后后入路组病理分期pT2a期5例、pT2b期8例、pT2。期6例；前入路组病理分期pT2a期7例、pT2b期5例、pT2c期8例，两组间差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。后入路组手术时间（106．5±26．4）rain，术中失血量（48．9±20．2）ml；前入路组手术时间（93．2±20．8）min，术中失血量（42．5±16．8）ml；两�展开更多
基金the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1507101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41861144014,41875078 and 41630424)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0601501)We acknowledge Hirosaki University for providing the APHRODITE precipitation data(http://aphrodite.st.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/download/)We thank the China Meteorological Data Service Center for providing the Chinese Surface Daily Climate Dataset(V3.0)(https://data.cma.cn/en/?r=data/detail&data-Code=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_DAY_CES_V3.0)the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,National Centers for Environmental Information,for providing the GHCN-D dataset(V3.25)(Menne et al.,2012).We convey our gratitude to the contributors of the SciPy ecosystem(Virtanen et al.,2020),which was used for data analysis and visualization.
文摘Using rain-gauge-observation daily precipitation data from the Global Historical Climatology Network(V3.25)and the Chinese Surface Daily Climate Dataset(V3.0),this study investigates the fidelity of the AHPRODITE dataset in representing extreme precipitation,in terms of the extreme precipitation threshold value,occurrence number,probability of detection,and extremal dependence index during the cool(October to April)and warm(May to September)seasons in Central Asia during 1961–90.The distribution of extreme precipitation is characterized by large extreme precipitation threshold values and high occurrence numbers over the mountainous areas.The APHRODITE dataset is highly correlated with the gauge-observation precipitation data and can reproduce the spatial distributions of the extreme precipitation threshold value and total occurrence number.However,APHRODITE generally underestimates the extreme precipitation threshold values,while it overestimates the total numbers of extreme precipitation events,particularly over the mountainous areas.These biases can be attributed to the overestimation of light rainfall and the underestimation of heavy rainfall induced by the rainfall distribution–based interpolation.Such deficits are more evident for the warm season than the cool season,and thus the biases are more pronounced in the warm season than in the cool season.The probability of detection and extremal dependence index reveal that APHRODITE has a good capability of detecting extreme precipitation,particularly in the cool season.
文摘The V1003R1 version of the monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation time series of the Middle East APHRODITE database and Asfazari database within Iranian territory in the time interval 1961 and 2004 were compared with each other. The monthly, seasonal and annual time series of the both databases in most cases show a random behavior and the time series follow a similar pattern with a significant autocorrelation of both databases. Studying cross-correlation between the time series of the two bases indicate that the zero lag significance in the monthly, seasonal and annual time series statistically confirm the coincidence of the peak and fall in the time series of both bases. Wilcoxon Test with 95% confidence confirms significance of the mean difference of the two series. However, there is not enough evidence to confirm the null hypothesis suggesting lack of difference between means of the two series. The statistical-objective analysis of the two bases’ time series indicates that although the series follow a similar course, the estimated precipitation quantity in monthly, seasonal and annual time series of APHRODITE base, except in several monthly time series and in trivial quantities, has been less than the estimated precipitation of Asfazari bases, but the amount of the difference was not constant and did not follow a regular pattern, although this difference has been narrowed in recent years.
基金the University Grant Commission, New Delhi (3090/ (NET–DEC.2014) for financial support during field visitsthe Department of Science and Technology, Govt of India, for sponsoring the project “Himalayan Cryosphere: Science and Society”
文摘Glacier shrinkage is a globally occurring phenomena.High-resolution change detection based on frequent mapping and monitoring of high-altitude glaciers is necessary to precisely evaluate future water availability and to understand glacier evolution under different climatic scenarios in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayan(HKH)region.This also holds true for the Bhaga basin of the western Himalaya.This study investigates glacier and glacier lake changes in the Bhaga basin,over the last five decades based on satellite imagery including Corona KH4(1971),Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+;2000),Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor(LISS Ⅳ;2013),and Sentinel 2(2020).Regional temperature and precipitation trends were evaluated from gridded climatic datasets(1900–2020).In the Bhaga basin 306 glaciers(>0.2 km^(2))were mapped with a total area of 360.3±4.0 km^(2),of which 55.7±0.6 km^(2)was covered with debris in 2013.The total glacier covered area decreased by∼8.2±1.5%(0.16±0.03%yr-1)during the entire observation period 1971–2020,with noticeable heterogeneity between tributary watersheds.In the past two decades(2000–2020),the deglaciation rate has increased significantly(0.25%yr-1)compared to the previous decades(1971–2000;0.12%yr-1).Glacier lake area increased by 0.6±0.1 km^(2)(0.012 km^(2)yr-1)between 1971 and 2020.The NCEP/NCAR climatic data reveals an increase of 0.63℃in temperature and a decrease of 6.39 mm in precipitation for the period 1948–2018.In comparison,APHRODITE data shows an increasing trend in temperature of 1.14℃between 1961 and 2015 and decreasing trend in precipitation of 31 mm between 1951 and 2007.Both NCEP/NCAR and APHRODITE data reveal significant temperature increase and precipitation decrease since the 1990s,which have probably augmented ice loss in the Bhaga basin during the early 21st century.
基金Supported by Huizhou Engineering Vocational College Project (No.2019kt003)。
文摘The Phalaenopsis aphrodite industry has the characteristics of high technology content,industrialization,modern management,organic combination of industry and strong radiation effect. On the basis of investigation,we expounded the current development situation of the P. aphrodite industry in Guangdong,analyzed the aspects of production elements and demand conditions based on the " diamond theory",and put forward suggestion and countermeasures for the development of the P. aphrodite industry.
基金Ho Chi Minh City’s Department of Science and Technology(HCMC-DOST)and Institute for Computational Science and Technology(ICST)under grant number 15/2017/HĐ-KHCNTT.Additionally,this research is partly funded by Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City(VNU-HCM)under grant number C2017-48-02.
文摘Rainfall data with an appropriate spatial resolution is a key input to hydrological models.However,networks of rain gauges are often sparsely and unevenly distributed in large catchments,especially in developing countries.High-resolution rainfall datasets,such as the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources(APHRODITE),the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR),the Climatic Research Unit Time Series(CRUTS),the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC)and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM),have become available to overcome such limitations.The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of four land-based rainfall products(APHRODITE,CFSR,CRU-TS,and GPCC)and a satellite-based rainfall product(TRMM)on streamflow of the upper catchment of Tri An reservoir in Vietnam using the Hydrological Modeling System(HEC-HMS).In addition,the available rain gauges data were used for comparison purpose.Result indicates that the TRMM and GPCC data show their best match to rain gauges data in simulating the streamflow in the period 1999–2007.Generally,the results indicate that the TRMM and GPCC data could be alternative solutions.
文摘目的比较保留耻骨后间隙机器人辅助腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术（robotic—assistedLaparoscopicradicalprostatectomy，RALP）与经典的阿芙罗狄蒂面纱保留神经RALP的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年12月收治的39例行保留耻骨后间隙RALP（后入路组）和阿芙罗狄蒂面纱保留神经RALP（前入路组）患者的临床资料。后入路组19例，平均年龄（66．3±5．9）岁，平均体重指数（25．5±3．1）kg／m^2，术前tPSA平均（16．4±5．0）．g／ml，术前Gleason评分中位值6分（5—7分），前列腺体积平均（32．7±7．4）ml，术前国际勃起功能间卷表-5（international index of erectilefunction-5，IIEF-5）评分中位值14分（5—18分）。前入路组20例，平均年龄（64．6±7．3）岁，体重指数平均（25．5±2．0）kg／in。，术前tPSA平均（18．5±1I．0）．g／ml，术前Gleason评分中位值7分（5～8分），前列腺体积平均（31．4±10．8）ml，术前IIEF．5评分中位值15分（6—19分）。两组患者的上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。术前临床分期后入路组cT1c期8例、cT2a期3例、ck期2例、cT2c期6例，前入路组cT1c期1例、cT2a期6例、cT2b期5例、cL期8例。所有患者术前尿控均正常。两组患者均采用经腹腔入路RALP。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后病理分期、术后Gleason评分、尿控恢复时间、术后IIEF-5评分。结果39例手术均顺利完成，无中转开放手术，无输血病例，无严重术中、术后并发症发生。术后后入路组病理分期pT2a期5例、pT2b期8例、pT2。期6例；前入路组病理分期pT2a期7例、pT2b期5例、pT2c期8例，两组间差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。后入路组手术时间（106．5±26．4）rain，术中失血量（48．9±20．2）ml；前入路组手术时间（93．2±20．8）min，术中失血量（42．5±16．8）ml；两�
