Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a warm-season annual. Kenaf fibers are commonly used for paper pulp and cordage, but it is also a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for bioenergy production, although optimum plant ...Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a warm-season annual. Kenaf fibers are commonly used for paper pulp and cordage, but it is also a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for bioenergy production, although optimum plant density for biomass production has not been determined for the northern region of the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the best plant density and row spacing of kenaf to maximize biomass yield and chemical composition for biofuel conversion. The experiments were conducted at Fargo and Prosper, ND, in 2010 and 2011. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement where the main plot was tworowspacings (30 and60 cm) and the sub-plot fourplant densities (32, 16, 8, and 4 plants·m-2). Row spacing had a significant effect on both biomass and biofuel yield. Narrower rows had higher biomass and biofuel yield. Maximum biomass and estimated biofuel yield was obtained with the two highest plant densities of 16 and 32 plants·m-2 and fluctuated between 9.45 and 10.22 Mg·ha-1 and 1354 and1464 L·ha-1, respectively. Stem diameter increased with a decrease in plant density. Chemical composition varied with plant density;glucan (27%) and xylan (9.8%) content were lower at the lowest plant density. Ash content was not different among plant densities but it is interesting to mention the very low ash content of kenaf (0.15%). According to the results of this study, it is recommended to plant kenaf at 30-cm rows with a plant density of 16 to 32 plants·m-2 to maximize biomass yield. Kenaf has a tremendous potential as a cellulosic feedstock for biofuel and green chemicals in the Northern Great Plains because of high biomass yield and low ash content.展开更多
为了提高麦麸的附加值、馒头的品质以及增强馒头的营养价值,该试验以小麦粉为原料,采用2个分子量的麦麸酚基木聚糖(820、581 k D),研究不同添加量(0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)对发酵面团特性以及馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着麦麸酚基木...为了提高麦麸的附加值、馒头的品质以及增强馒头的营养价值,该试验以小麦粉为原料,采用2个分子量的麦麸酚基木聚糖(820、581 k D),研究不同添加量(0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)对发酵面团特性以及馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着麦麸酚基木聚糖添加量的增加,发酵面团的弹性模量、质子密度A22先增加后下降,黏性模量、质子密度A23增加,弛豫时间T22下降;馒头的亮度下降,红度和黄度增加,比容、黏聚性、回复性先增加后下降,硬度、咀嚼性先下降后上升,黏附性下降,馒头的感官得分先上升后下降。高分子量的麦麸酚基木聚糖,其发酵面团的弹性模量和黏性模量变幅较大,弛豫时间T22、T23较大、质子密度A21较小,低分子量的麦麸酚基木聚糖,其馒头比容和弹性较大,但馒头硬度和咀嚼性相对也较大。麦麸酚基木聚糖添加量在0.5%时,对发酵面团以及馒头品质改善效果最好。添加量在1.0%内,发酵面团特性以及馒头品质均可接受。高分子量的酚基木聚糖对发酵面团以及馒头品质改善效果高于低分子量的酚基木聚糖。研究结果为麦麸酚基木聚糖广泛应用于馒头中,提高馒头品质及营养价值提供理论依据。展开更多
文摘Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a warm-season annual. Kenaf fibers are commonly used for paper pulp and cordage, but it is also a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for bioenergy production, although optimum plant density for biomass production has not been determined for the northern region of the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the best plant density and row spacing of kenaf to maximize biomass yield and chemical composition for biofuel conversion. The experiments were conducted at Fargo and Prosper, ND, in 2010 and 2011. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement where the main plot was tworowspacings (30 and60 cm) and the sub-plot fourplant densities (32, 16, 8, and 4 plants·m-2). Row spacing had a significant effect on both biomass and biofuel yield. Narrower rows had higher biomass and biofuel yield. Maximum biomass and estimated biofuel yield was obtained with the two highest plant densities of 16 and 32 plants·m-2 and fluctuated between 9.45 and 10.22 Mg·ha-1 and 1354 and1464 L·ha-1, respectively. Stem diameter increased with a decrease in plant density. Chemical composition varied with plant density;glucan (27%) and xylan (9.8%) content were lower at the lowest plant density. Ash content was not different among plant densities but it is interesting to mention the very low ash content of kenaf (0.15%). According to the results of this study, it is recommended to plant kenaf at 30-cm rows with a plant density of 16 to 32 plants·m-2 to maximize biomass yield. Kenaf has a tremendous potential as a cellulosic feedstock for biofuel and green chemicals in the Northern Great Plains because of high biomass yield and low ash content.
文摘为了提高麦麸的附加值、馒头的品质以及增强馒头的营养价值,该试验以小麦粉为原料,采用2个分子量的麦麸酚基木聚糖(820、581 k D),研究不同添加量(0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%)对发酵面团特性以及馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着麦麸酚基木聚糖添加量的增加,发酵面团的弹性模量、质子密度A22先增加后下降,黏性模量、质子密度A23增加,弛豫时间T22下降;馒头的亮度下降,红度和黄度增加,比容、黏聚性、回复性先增加后下降,硬度、咀嚼性先下降后上升,黏附性下降,馒头的感官得分先上升后下降。高分子量的麦麸酚基木聚糖,其发酵面团的弹性模量和黏性模量变幅较大,弛豫时间T22、T23较大、质子密度A21较小,低分子量的麦麸酚基木聚糖,其馒头比容和弹性较大,但馒头硬度和咀嚼性相对也较大。麦麸酚基木聚糖添加量在0.5%时,对发酵面团以及馒头品质改善效果最好。添加量在1.0%内,发酵面团特性以及馒头品质均可接受。高分子量的酚基木聚糖对发酵面团以及馒头品质改善效果高于低分子量的酚基木聚糖。研究结果为麦麸酚基木聚糖广泛应用于馒头中,提高馒头品质及营养价值提供理论依据。
