The corundum plates with a groove were used to freeze molten flux into solid slice to simulate the flux film formed in continuous casting mold, and thereby to study the formation mechanism of flux film with different ...The corundum plates with a groove were used to freeze molten flux into solid slice to simulate the flux film formed in continuous casting mold, and thereby to study the formation mechanism of flux film with different surface roughness. The effect of some factors on the surface roughness of flux film, such as reheating rate, cooling rate, flux film thickness and crystallization ratio, was discussed.展开更多
The objective of this study is to investigate numerically the flow characteristics of falling film on horizontal circular tubes. Numerical simulations are performed using FLUENT for 2D configurations with one and two ...The objective of this study is to investigate numerically the flow characteristics of falling film on horizontal circular tubes. Numerical simulations are performed using FLUENT for 2D configurations with one and two cylinders. The volume of fluid method is used to track the motion of liquid falling film and the gas-liquid interface. The effect of flow characteristics on heat and transfer coefficient may be remarkable, although it has been neglected in previous studies. The velocity distribution and the film thickness characteristics on the top tube, some special flow characteristics on the bottom tube, intertube flow modes and effect of liquid feeder height on flow characteristics have been studied. Our simulations indicate that 1） the velocity distributions of the upper and lower parts of the tube are not strictly symmetric and non- uniform, 2） the film thickness depends on flow rate and angular distributions, 3） the flow characteristics of the top tube are different from those of the bottom tube, 4） three principal and two intermediate transition modes are distinguished, and 5） the liquid feed height plays an important role on the formation of falling film. The numerical results are in a good agreement with the theoretical values by the Nusselt model and the reported results.展开更多
The dispersion of a solid particle in a liquid may lead to the formation of solvation film on the particle surface, which can strongly increase the repulsive force between particles and thus strongly affect the stabil...The dispersion of a solid particle in a liquid may lead to the formation of solvation film on the particle surface, which can strongly increase the repulsive force between particles and thus strongly affect the stability of dispersions. The solvation film thickness, which varies with the variation of the property of suspension particles and solutions, is one of the most important parameters of the solvation film, and is also one of the most difficult parameters that can be measured accurately. In this paper, a method, based on the Einstein viscosity equation of dispersions, for determining the solvation film thickness of particles is developed. This method was tested on two kinds of silica spherical powders （namely M1 and M2） dispersed in ethyl alcohol, in water, and in a water-ethyl alcohol mixture （1：1 by volume） through measuring the relative viscosity of dispersions of the particles as a function of the volume fraction of the dry particles in the dispersion, and of the specific surface area and the density of the particles. The calculated solvation film thicknesses on M1 are 7.48, 18.65 and 23.74 nm in alcohol, water and the water-ethyl alcohol mixture, 12.41, 12.71 and 13.13 nm on M2 in alcohol, water and the water-ethyl alcohol mixture, respectively.展开更多
The lubrication design and heat transfer determination of bearing chambers in aeroengine require a sufficient understanding of the oil droplet-film interaction and physical characteristic in an oil/air two-phase flow ...The lubrication design and heat transfer determination of bearing chambers in aeroengine require a sufficient understanding of the oil droplet-film interaction and physical characteristic in an oil/air two-phase flow state. The analyses of oil droplet movement, mass and momentum transfer during the impingement of droplet/wall, as well as wall oil film thickness and flow velocity are very important for the bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer calculation. An integrated model in combination with droplet movement, droplet/wall impact and film flow analysis is put forward initially based on the consideration of droplet size distribution. The model makes a contribution to provide more practical and feasible technical approach, which is not only for the study of droplet-film interaction and physical behavior in bearing chambers with oil/air two-phase flow phenomena, but also useful for an insight into the essence of physical course through droplet movement and deposition, film formation and flow. The influences of chamber geometries and operating conditions on droplet deposition mass and momentum transfer, and wall film thickness and velocity distribution are discussed. The feasibility of the method by theoretical analysis is also verified by the ex- isting experimental data. The current work is conducive to expose the physical behavior of wall oil film configuration and flow in bearing chamber, and also significant for bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer study under oil/air two-phase flow conditions.展开更多
A high-performance concrete （HPC） is required to have superior performance in various aspects such as workability,strength, durability, dimensional stability, segregation stability, and passing ability. The mix desi...A high-performance concrete （HPC） is required to have superior performance in various aspects such as workability,strength, durability, dimensional stability, segregation stability, and passing ability. The mix design of HPC is rather complicatedbecause the number of ingredients in HPC is usually more than those in conventional concrete and some of the required propertiesare conflicting with each other in the sense that improvement in one property would at the same time cause impairment of anotherproperty. However, there is still lack of understanding regarding how the various mix parameters should be optimised forachieving best overall performance. Most practitioners are still conducting mix design primarily through trial concrete mixing,which is laborious, ineffective, and often unable to timely respond to fluctuations in the properties of raw materials. To addressthese issues, the authors have been developing the packing and film thickness theories of concrete materials, in order to revamp themix design philosophy of HPC in terms of the water film thickness （WFT）, paste film thickness （PFT）, and mortar film thickness（MFT） in the concrete. Based on the findings from an extensive experimental programme, suitable ranges ofWFT, PFT, and MFThave been recommended.展开更多
文摘The corundum plates with a groove were used to freeze molten flux into solid slice to simulate the flux film formed in continuous casting mold, and thereby to study the formation mechanism of flux film with different surface roughness. The effect of some factors on the surface roughness of flux film, such as reheating rate, cooling rate, flux film thickness and crystallization ratio, was discussed.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 20976118）.
文摘The objective of this study is to investigate numerically the flow characteristics of falling film on horizontal circular tubes. Numerical simulations are performed using FLUENT for 2D configurations with one and two cylinders. The volume of fluid method is used to track the motion of liquid falling film and the gas-liquid interface. The effect of flow characteristics on heat and transfer coefficient may be remarkable, although it has been neglected in previous studies. The velocity distribution and the film thickness characteristics on the top tube, some special flow characteristics on the bottom tube, intertube flow modes and effect of liquid feeder height on flow characteristics have been studied. Our simulations indicate that 1） the velocity distributions of the upper and lower parts of the tube are not strictly symmetric and non- uniform, 2） the film thickness depends on flow rate and angular distributions, 3） the flow characteristics of the top tube are different from those of the bottom tube, 4） three principal and two intermediate transition modes are distinguished, and 5） the liquid feed height plays an important role on the formation of falling film. The numerical results are in a good agreement with the theoretical values by the Nusselt model and the reported results.
基金This work is financially supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) of Mexico under the grant #485100-5-38214-U.
文摘The dispersion of a solid particle in a liquid may lead to the formation of solvation film on the particle surface, which can strongly increase the repulsive force between particles and thus strongly affect the stability of dispersions. The solvation film thickness, which varies with the variation of the property of suspension particles and solutions, is one of the most important parameters of the solvation film, and is also one of the most difficult parameters that can be measured accurately. In this paper, a method, based on the Einstein viscosity equation of dispersions, for determining the solvation film thickness of particles is developed. This method was tested on two kinds of silica spherical powders （namely M1 and M2） dispersed in ethyl alcohol, in water, and in a water-ethyl alcohol mixture （1：1 by volume） through measuring the relative viscosity of dispersions of the particles as a function of the volume fraction of the dry particles in the dispersion, and of the specific surface area and the density of the particles. The calculated solvation film thicknesses on M1 are 7.48, 18.65 and 23.74 nm in alcohol, water and the water-ethyl alcohol mixture, 12.41, 12.71 and 13.13 nm on M2 in alcohol, water and the water-ethyl alcohol mixture, respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50975233)
文摘The lubrication design and heat transfer determination of bearing chambers in aeroengine require a sufficient understanding of the oil droplet-film interaction and physical characteristic in an oil/air two-phase flow state. The analyses of oil droplet movement, mass and momentum transfer during the impingement of droplet/wall, as well as wall oil film thickness and flow velocity are very important for the bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer calculation. An integrated model in combination with droplet movement, droplet/wall impact and film flow analysis is put forward initially based on the consideration of droplet size distribution. The model makes a contribution to provide more practical and feasible technical approach, which is not only for the study of droplet-film interaction and physical behavior in bearing chambers with oil/air two-phase flow phenomena, but also useful for an insight into the essence of physical course through droplet movement and deposition, film formation and flow. The influences of chamber geometries and operating conditions on droplet deposition mass and momentum transfer, and wall film thickness and velocity distribution are discussed. The feasibility of the method by theoretical analysis is also verified by the ex- isting experimental data. The current work is conducive to expose the physical behavior of wall oil film configuration and flow in bearing chamber, and also significant for bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer study under oil/air two-phase flow conditions.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(No.17203514)the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2015A030310282)the Guangzhou Science(Technology)Research Project of China(No.20160701329)
文摘A high-performance concrete （HPC） is required to have superior performance in various aspects such as workability,strength, durability, dimensional stability, segregation stability, and passing ability. The mix design of HPC is rather complicatedbecause the number of ingredients in HPC is usually more than those in conventional concrete and some of the required propertiesare conflicting with each other in the sense that improvement in one property would at the same time cause impairment of anotherproperty. However, there is still lack of understanding regarding how the various mix parameters should be optimised forachieving best overall performance. Most practitioners are still conducting mix design primarily through trial concrete mixing,which is laborious, ineffective, and often unable to timely respond to fluctuations in the properties of raw materials. To addressthese issues, the authors have been developing the packing and film thickness theories of concrete materials, in order to revamp themix design philosophy of HPC in terms of the water film thickness （WFT）, paste film thickness （PFT）, and mortar film thickness（MFT） in the concrete. Based on the findings from an extensive experimental programme, suitable ranges ofWFT, PFT, and MFThave been recommended.
