The deviations of trajectory and attitude angle for internal store separation are evaluated by two wind tunnel test methods.One is the Freedrop Test(FDT),which is known as unsteady and time-dependent method of scaled ...The deviations of trajectory and attitude angle for internal store separation are evaluated by two wind tunnel test methods.One is the Freedrop Test(FDT),which is known as unsteady and time-dependent method of scaled model.The other is the Captive Trajectory System(CTS)test,which is usually regarded as a quasi-steady and time-averaged test technology.The result shows that there is a streamwise adverse pressure gradient on the cavity resulting in a nose-up pitching moment coefficient(>0)acting on the store model.When the initial pitch angular velocity is 0,the store exits the shear-layer with a nose-up pitch attitude causing the store to climb back towards and collide with the aircraft.However,the store passes through the shear-layer into the freestream with a nose-down pitch,which causes a successful separation event when the initial pitch angular velocity<0.The pitch angle obtained by unsteady test method is different from that by quasisteady test method.The time-dependent test includes the aerodynamic force induced by pitch angular velocity whereas the time-averaged method(CTS)cannot reflect the effect of unsteady aerodynamic force.The deviation of vertical displacement is not obvious for FDT and CTS test since the store has an initial vertical velocity,which is dominant for the vertical displacement.This means that the highly unsteady flow can create unpredictability in aerodynamic pitching moment of the store,which can lead to the deviation of pitch angle for internal store separation.展开更多
目的：探讨咬合器械关节完全打开、保湿与否对使用后不同时段清洗手术器械清洗效果及质量的影响。方法将手术室使用后染有血渍的持针钳及止血钳2400把回收,随机分为 A1、A2、B1、B2、C1、C2、D1、D2共8组,每组300件。 A1组：关节未打开...目的：探讨咬合器械关节完全打开、保湿与否对使用后不同时段清洗手术器械清洗效果及质量的影响。方法将手术室使用后染有血渍的持针钳及止血钳2400把回收,随机分为 A1、A2、B1、B2、C1、C2、D1、D2共8组,每组300件。 A1组：关节未打开、未保湿,2 h 内清洗；A2组：关节完全打开、未保湿,2 h 内清洗；B1组：关节未打开将器械置于稀释的多酶清洗液中浸泡保湿,2 h 内清洗；B2组：将关节完全打开将器械置于稀释的多酶清洗液中浸泡保湿,2 h 内清洗；C1组：关节未打开、未保湿,12 h 后清洗；C2组：关节未打开、浸泡于稀释的多酶清洗液中保湿,12 h 后清洗；D1组：将器械关节完全打开置于清水中浸泡保湿,12 h 后清洗；D2组：将器械关节完全打开置于稀释的多酶清洗液中浸泡保湿,12 h 后清洗。由同一台全自动清洗消毒机按照日常使用程序清洗,比较各组合格率。结果 A1组与 A2组, B1组与 B2组,C1组与 C2组,D1组与 D2组清洗合格率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P 〉0.05）。放置12 h 清洗潜血阳性率 C1组（27.33%）与 D1组（0）、D2组（0）,C2组（22.33%）与 D1组（0）、D2组（0）比较,差异有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为14.99,10.01；P 〈0.01）。结论使用后的止血钳及持针钳2 h 内不保湿与保湿,关节打开与不打开保存,均能达到清洁标准；而对于使用后超过12 h 清洗的止血钳及持针钳,需要先将关节完全打开及保湿处理再按正常清洗程序清洗,才能达到清洁标准。展开更多
文摘The deviations of trajectory and attitude angle for internal store separation are evaluated by two wind tunnel test methods.One is the Freedrop Test(FDT),which is known as unsteady and time-dependent method of scaled model.The other is the Captive Trajectory System(CTS)test,which is usually regarded as a quasi-steady and time-averaged test technology.The result shows that there is a streamwise adverse pressure gradient on the cavity resulting in a nose-up pitching moment coefficient(>0)acting on the store model.When the initial pitch angular velocity is 0,the store exits the shear-layer with a nose-up pitch attitude causing the store to climb back towards and collide with the aircraft.However,the store passes through the shear-layer into the freestream with a nose-down pitch,which causes a successful separation event when the initial pitch angular velocity<0.The pitch angle obtained by unsteady test method is different from that by quasisteady test method.The time-dependent test includes the aerodynamic force induced by pitch angular velocity whereas the time-averaged method(CTS)cannot reflect the effect of unsteady aerodynamic force.The deviation of vertical displacement is not obvious for FDT and CTS test since the store has an initial vertical velocity,which is dominant for the vertical displacement.This means that the highly unsteady flow can create unpredictability in aerodynamic pitching moment of the store,which can lead to the deviation of pitch angle for internal store separation.
文摘目的：探讨咬合器械关节完全打开、保湿与否对使用后不同时段清洗手术器械清洗效果及质量的影响。方法将手术室使用后染有血渍的持针钳及止血钳2400把回收,随机分为 A1、A2、B1、B2、C1、C2、D1、D2共8组,每组300件。 A1组：关节未打开、未保湿,2 h 内清洗；A2组：关节完全打开、未保湿,2 h 内清洗；B1组：关节未打开将器械置于稀释的多酶清洗液中浸泡保湿,2 h 内清洗；B2组：将关节完全打开将器械置于稀释的多酶清洗液中浸泡保湿,2 h 内清洗；C1组：关节未打开、未保湿,12 h 后清洗；C2组：关节未打开、浸泡于稀释的多酶清洗液中保湿,12 h 后清洗；D1组：将器械关节完全打开置于清水中浸泡保湿,12 h 后清洗；D2组：将器械关节完全打开置于稀释的多酶清洗液中浸泡保湿,12 h 后清洗。由同一台全自动清洗消毒机按照日常使用程序清洗,比较各组合格率。结果 A1组与 A2组, B1组与 B2组,C1组与 C2组,D1组与 D2组清洗合格率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P 〉0.05）。放置12 h 清洗潜血阳性率 C1组（27.33%）与 D1组（0）、D2组（0）,C2组（22.33%）与 D1组（0）、D2组（0）比较,差异有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为14.99,10.01；P 〈0.01）。结论使用后的止血钳及持针钳2 h 内不保湿与保湿,关节打开与不打开保存,均能达到清洁标准；而对于使用后超过12 h 清洗的止血钳及持针钳,需要先将关节完全打开及保湿处理再按正常清洗程序清洗,才能达到清洁标准。
