Peatlands are unique and complex natural ecosystems that are part of the most important carbon reservoirs on our planet, home to a diversity of microorganisms responsible for fermentation, humification or peat. The ai...Peatlands are unique and complex natural ecosystems that are part of the most important carbon reservoirs on our planet, home to a diversity of microorganisms responsible for fermentation, humification or peat. The aim is to understand chemical and biological indicators of peatland soils. This work aims to determine the physicochemical and bacteriological profile and lipolytic activity of soil bacteria in Bilanko peatlands. The bacterial profile with the production of lipases is carried out by classical microbiology techniques. The results show that the soils are moderately acidic with temperatures of 27.8˚C ± 0.01˚C for Bilanko and 27.1˚C ± 0.57˚C for Ngamakala. The electroconductivity (EC) varies from (9.52 ± 0.002) μS/cm to (39.01 ± 1.4) μS/cm with low turbidity of (2.04 ± 0.66) mg/L to (31.02 ± 0.84) mg/L and low ion concentrations with, however, a richness in phenolic compounds for Bilanko compared to Ngamakala. FMAT diversity ranged from (1.71 ± 0.88)∙104 UFC/g to (2.92 ± 0.07)∙105 UFC/g for Bilanko and (1.30 ± 0.73)∙104 UFC/g to (2.89 ± 0.06)∙104 UFC/g for Ngamakala. Bacillus loads ranged from (5.20 ± 1.40)∙103 CFU/g to (1.22 ± 0.13)∙104 CFU/g and from (1.11 ± 0.13)∙104 CFU/g to (9.20 ± 2.05)∙103 CFU/g;enterobacteria loads from (1.40 ± 0.76)∙103 CFU/g to (8.80 ± 1.73)∙103 CFU/g and from (1.01 ± 0.02)∙103 CFU/g to (9.20 ± 2.05)∙103 CFU/g;in Pseudomonas from 0 to (2.30 ± 0.53)∙102 CFU/g and from 0 to (8.90 ± 2.35)∙102 CFU/g for Bilanko and Ngamakala respectively. These results reveal a variation in bacterial similarity and distribution in the Bilanko and Ngamakala peat bogs.展开更多
Coula edulis is non-timber forest product (NTFP) used in Africa for its hazelnuts, which contain edible seeds with a demonstrated nutritional potential. However, there have been very few scientific studies of this spe...Coula edulis is non-timber forest product (NTFP) used in Africa for its hazelnuts, which contain edible seeds with a demonstrated nutritional potential. However, there have been very few scientific studies of this species in the Republic of Congo. Thus, the aim of the current study was therefore to determine the fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from Coula edulis hazelnut seeds collected at random in the Republic of Congo. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and its fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. The extracted oil from Coula edulis hazelnut kernels is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (95.28%), particularly oleic acid (94.5%), which classifies it as an oleic oil and gives it interesting nutritional and therapeutic properties. On the other hand, saturated fatty acids (4.15%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.35%) are not well represented. Its low poly-unsaturated fatty acid content makes it more stable when stored at room temperature.展开更多
This article presents a fuzzy logic-based approach to coordinate the control devices of the power system, such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM), to damp power oscillation...This article presents a fuzzy logic-based approach to coordinate the control devices of the power system, such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM), to damp power oscillations caused by dynamic disturbances. At first, we used the Lyapunov method to study the dynamic stability of the power grid in the Republic of Congo. This method allowed us to analyze the eigenvalues of the state variable matrix and highlight the eigenvalues in the complex plane. Secondly, we proposed a fuzzy logic-based controller to account for uncertainties existing near the thresholds. The inputs to this controller are the generator speed and generator rotor angle. We demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of this fuzzy control by applying it to the power grid of the Republic of Congo, with three power stabilizers and two STATCOMs. .展开更多
The soil seed bank is an important source of restoration and resilience of disturbed ecosystems. This study evaluates the regeneration potential through the soil seed bank of the shrub savannas of Nguela and Mbe in or...The soil seed bank is an important source of restoration and resilience of disturbed ecosystems. This study evaluates the regeneration potential through the soil seed bank of the shrub savannas of Nguela and Mbe in order to predict the eventual dynamics. Three plots of 0.25 ha subdivided into four sub-plots of 0.015 ha have been installed in each savannah. In total, 48 samples of each savannah, i.e. 96 samples of both savannas, have been taken from the soil layers, 0 - 5 cm, 5 - 10 cm, 10 - 15 cm and 15 - 20 cm. Species diversity and abundance of the soil seed bank have been assessed after germination. The results reveal 167 seedlings belonging to 23 species in the Mbe savannah and 144 seedlings belonging to 14 species in the Nguela savannah. The total densities of the germinated seeds were respectively 463.63 seeds/m<sup>2</sup> and 400 seeds/m<sup>2</sup>. Nevertheless, the 20 cm deep layers have illustrated themselves compared to the superficial layers with densities of 16.29 seeds/m<sup>2</sup> and 21.66 seeds/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. Herbaceous species largely dominated, with percentages of 91% and 100%, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. Alone, the Trema orientalis (L.) Blume species has been identified as woody species in the Mbe savannah. The greatest specific richness has been obtained in the first five centimeters of soil, with 21.73% and 28.57% of exclusive species, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. The results reveal that restoration through the soil seed bank would be limited to a single woody species found (T. orientalis). Consequently, the study suggests silvicultural interventions based on planting or enrichment techniques for sustainably managed savannas exposed to anthropogenic disturbances.展开更多
The soil seed bank is a key indicator of natural regeneration and/or forests resilience after disturbances. This study evaluates the soil seed bank characteristics in two Marantaceae forests plots of Ouesso Forest Ind...The soil seed bank is a key indicator of natural regeneration and/or forests resilience after disturbances. This study evaluates the soil seed bank characteristics in two Marantaceae forests plots of Ouesso Forest Industry (IFO) in north of the Republic of Congo. In each plot, 12 samples were taken per soil layers (0 - 5 cm, 5 - 10 cm, 10 - 15 cm and 15 - 20 cm deep). Diversity and abundance seed were estimated after germination of soil samples. The results revealed 101 seedlings belonging to 17 species for plot 1 and 129 seedlings belonging to 15 species for plot 2. The average densities of germinated seeds were respectively 281 seedling/m<sup>2</sup> and 358 seedling/m<sup>2</sup>. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mean densities of the two plots. Herbaceous species dominated with percentages of 71% and 73%, respectively in plot 1 and plot 2. Both plots showed potential of regeneration from the soil seed bank. However, this potential seems higher in plot 2. Pioneer taxa were more abundant in the soil seed bank of plot 1 (4 woody pioneer species) than in plot 2 (1 woody pioneer species). The highest species richness was obtained in the first two soil layers (0 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm depth) while 25% of species were exclusively found in the deepest layer (15 - 20 cm) in plot 2. The study suggests silvicultural interventions based on planting or enrichment techniques for contribute to sustainable management of Marantaceae forests that could prevent the growth and development of seedlings.展开更多
The belowground biomass is represented by coarse and fine roots. Concentrated in the superficial horizons of the soil, the fine roots play a crucial role in the functioning of a forest ecosystem. However, studies on t...The belowground biomass is represented by coarse and fine roots. Concentrated in the superficial horizons of the soil, the fine roots play a crucial role in the functioning of a forest ecosystem. However, studies on their dynamics in natural forests are almost non-existent in the Republic of Congo. Here, we estimated the biomass, production, turnover and fine root lifespan of two forest strata of a semi-deciduous forest: the <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gilbertiodendron dewevrei</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (De Wild.) J. Léonard forest (GF) and the mixed forest (MF) of land. The ingrowth cores method was used to estimate the biomass, production, turnover and lifespan of fine roots. The results of this study revealed that the biomass, production and fine root turnover of the two forest strata studied significantly decreased with increasing soil depth, with an increase in lifespan. The annual fine root biomass of GF (2284.50 ± 37.62 <img src="Edit_990c94b6-013e-4e21-90df-d1388dc0e65f.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 1034.61 ± 14.52 <img src="Edit_dff42540-5a2f-413b-8620-cb500e9961e2.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) was slightly lower than that of MF (2430.07 ± 40.68 <img src="Edit_66800589-8460-4c37-83b2-2df0f335d75d.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 1043.10 ± 11.75 <img src="Edit_c22f255e-d910-4b49-a6a4-033516044362.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm horizons, respectively. The annual production of fine roots from these latter horizons was respectively 1300.19 ± 32.17 <img src="Edit_5482204b-8e9e-476a-907d-0865bf3a1c99.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 539.18 ± 11.55 <img src="Edit_65a2856e-5322-4fc9-b42a-3ba1176fa992.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in GF and 1362.24 ± 39.59 <img src="Edit_9802e464-658d-48eb-9b57-8e746c3e8ef4.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 492.95 ± 展开更多
In order to know the role of plant woody debris in the carbon cycle, a study of carbon stocks and carbon flow of plant woody debris was conducted in the natural forests of the centre of the republic of Congo in the Ba...In order to know the role of plant woody debris in the carbon cycle, a study of carbon stocks and carbon flow of plant woody debris was conducted in the natural forests of the centre of the republic of Congo in the Bateke Plateau. Allometric equations were used to measure the carbon stock of in dead wood debris of Lesio-louna tropical rainforest. Three plots of 40 m × 40 m were delimited in each forest types. All plots were within 300 m of each other. The average stocks of carbon in coarse woody debris obtained are 10993 g·m-2 and 14172 g·m-2, respectively, in the Gallery forest (GF) and the hill-slope forest clump (HF), the difference of carbon stock between the two forests is not significant (p = 0.78). The interannual mean flow in both forests is respectively 1776 and 545 g·m-2·an-1 in the FG and the MSDS;this medium is not significant (p = 0.10). Carbon stocks of fine woody debris are respectively 965 and 83 g·m-2 in the GF and HF, difference is significant (p = 0.0013). The interannual mean flow of carbon in fine woody debris in the GF and the HF were respectively 310 g·m-2·an-1 and 51 g·m-2·an-1.展开更多
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><strong>Background:</strong></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> T...<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><strong>Background:</strong></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> The prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically around the <span>world and it is reasonable to assume that young people attending school in</span> <span>Brazzaville are not spared. The objective of this study was to determine the pre</span>valence, as well as the factors associated with obesity and overweight among <span>students in Brazzaville. <b>Methods:</b> This is a cross-sectional study, conducted</span> as a questionnaire survey with 2052 pupils (869 boys and 1183 girls, aged 14 to 18). Obesity and overweight were determined from the body mass index and <span>reference curves of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), the associated factors, by performing </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">the</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> The preva</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">lence of over<span>weight in private and public institutions was 15.6% versus 5.5% (p < 0.001) </span><span>and obesity prevalence was 4.0% versus 1.5% (p < 0.001), respectively. The main factors associated with obesity and overweight were: parents’</span> monthly income (OR = 1.73), car as a means of transportation (OR = 2.75) and family history <span>of obesity (OR = 7.73). On the other hand, attending a public school,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">walk</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">ing and high levels of physical activity had a protective effect against obesity in this population. <b>Conclusion: </b>The prevalence of obesity was higher in private institutions and require</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">d</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> management and prevention strategies.</span>展开更多
Wood products trade sector remains crucial for many countries’ economies. This is also for the Republic of Congo (RC) where wood is the second most exported natural resource. </span></span><span s...Wood products trade sector remains crucial for many countries’ economies. This is also for the Republic of Congo (RC) where wood is the second most exported natural resource. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In this study</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, we aimed to determine the predominant wood products exported from the RC to China from 2007 to 2019, analyze the trends related to this trade, compare the quantities of wood products exported to China and other destinations, and determine the perspectives for the sustainable trade. The descriptive study using graphs and tables, non-parametric technique Kruskal-Wallis, pairwise comparisons, and SWOT analysis made up the methodological basis for this study. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software supported data processing. The results showed </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">logs were mainly exported to China, 92.585% of the three major wood products quantity (Logs, Wet sawnwood, and Dried sawnwood). Volume distributions between products categories differ significantly (Sig. = 0.000 < α = 0.05). Besides, a significant volume (69.32%) was exported to China compared to the other destinations, and volume distributions between different destinations differ significantly (Sig. = 0.000 < α = 0.05). The SWOT analysis describes weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and potential threats related to RC’ wood products trade sector. The prospects for sustainable trade in wood products between the RC and China lie in establishing a good governance in the timber sector, supporting the emergence of domestic operators, and improving the business climate.展开更多
文摘Peatlands are unique and complex natural ecosystems that are part of the most important carbon reservoirs on our planet, home to a diversity of microorganisms responsible for fermentation, humification or peat. The aim is to understand chemical and biological indicators of peatland soils. This work aims to determine the physicochemical and bacteriological profile and lipolytic activity of soil bacteria in Bilanko peatlands. The bacterial profile with the production of lipases is carried out by classical microbiology techniques. The results show that the soils are moderately acidic with temperatures of 27.8˚C ± 0.01˚C for Bilanko and 27.1˚C ± 0.57˚C for Ngamakala. The electroconductivity (EC) varies from (9.52 ± 0.002) μS/cm to (39.01 ± 1.4) μS/cm with low turbidity of (2.04 ± 0.66) mg/L to (31.02 ± 0.84) mg/L and low ion concentrations with, however, a richness in phenolic compounds for Bilanko compared to Ngamakala. FMAT diversity ranged from (1.71 ± 0.88)∙104 UFC/g to (2.92 ± 0.07)∙105 UFC/g for Bilanko and (1.30 ± 0.73)∙104 UFC/g to (2.89 ± 0.06)∙104 UFC/g for Ngamakala. Bacillus loads ranged from (5.20 ± 1.40)∙103 CFU/g to (1.22 ± 0.13)∙104 CFU/g and from (1.11 ± 0.13)∙104 CFU/g to (9.20 ± 2.05)∙103 CFU/g;enterobacteria loads from (1.40 ± 0.76)∙103 CFU/g to (8.80 ± 1.73)∙103 CFU/g and from (1.01 ± 0.02)∙103 CFU/g to (9.20 ± 2.05)∙103 CFU/g;in Pseudomonas from 0 to (2.30 ± 0.53)∙102 CFU/g and from 0 to (8.90 ± 2.35)∙102 CFU/g for Bilanko and Ngamakala respectively. These results reveal a variation in bacterial similarity and distribution in the Bilanko and Ngamakala peat bogs.
文摘Coula edulis is non-timber forest product (NTFP) used in Africa for its hazelnuts, which contain edible seeds with a demonstrated nutritional potential. However, there have been very few scientific studies of this species in the Republic of Congo. Thus, the aim of the current study was therefore to determine the fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from Coula edulis hazelnut seeds collected at random in the Republic of Congo. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and its fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. The extracted oil from Coula edulis hazelnut kernels is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (95.28%), particularly oleic acid (94.5%), which classifies it as an oleic oil and gives it interesting nutritional and therapeutic properties. On the other hand, saturated fatty acids (4.15%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.35%) are not well represented. Its low poly-unsaturated fatty acid content makes it more stable when stored at room temperature.
文摘This article presents a fuzzy logic-based approach to coordinate the control devices of the power system, such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM), to damp power oscillations caused by dynamic disturbances. At first, we used the Lyapunov method to study the dynamic stability of the power grid in the Republic of Congo. This method allowed us to analyze the eigenvalues of the state variable matrix and highlight the eigenvalues in the complex plane. Secondly, we proposed a fuzzy logic-based controller to account for uncertainties existing near the thresholds. The inputs to this controller are the generator speed and generator rotor angle. We demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of this fuzzy control by applying it to the power grid of the Republic of Congo, with three power stabilizers and two STATCOMs. .
文摘The soil seed bank is an important source of restoration and resilience of disturbed ecosystems. This study evaluates the regeneration potential through the soil seed bank of the shrub savannas of Nguela and Mbe in order to predict the eventual dynamics. Three plots of 0.25 ha subdivided into four sub-plots of 0.015 ha have been installed in each savannah. In total, 48 samples of each savannah, i.e. 96 samples of both savannas, have been taken from the soil layers, 0 - 5 cm, 5 - 10 cm, 10 - 15 cm and 15 - 20 cm. Species diversity and abundance of the soil seed bank have been assessed after germination. The results reveal 167 seedlings belonging to 23 species in the Mbe savannah and 144 seedlings belonging to 14 species in the Nguela savannah. The total densities of the germinated seeds were respectively 463.63 seeds/m<sup>2</sup> and 400 seeds/m<sup>2</sup>. Nevertheless, the 20 cm deep layers have illustrated themselves compared to the superficial layers with densities of 16.29 seeds/m<sup>2</sup> and 21.66 seeds/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. Herbaceous species largely dominated, with percentages of 91% and 100%, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. Alone, the Trema orientalis (L.) Blume species has been identified as woody species in the Mbe savannah. The greatest specific richness has been obtained in the first five centimeters of soil, with 21.73% and 28.57% of exclusive species, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. The results reveal that restoration through the soil seed bank would be limited to a single woody species found (T. orientalis). Consequently, the study suggests silvicultural interventions based on planting or enrichment techniques for sustainably managed savannas exposed to anthropogenic disturbances.
文摘The soil seed bank is a key indicator of natural regeneration and/or forests resilience after disturbances. This study evaluates the soil seed bank characteristics in two Marantaceae forests plots of Ouesso Forest Industry (IFO) in north of the Republic of Congo. In each plot, 12 samples were taken per soil layers (0 - 5 cm, 5 - 10 cm, 10 - 15 cm and 15 - 20 cm deep). Diversity and abundance seed were estimated after germination of soil samples. The results revealed 101 seedlings belonging to 17 species for plot 1 and 129 seedlings belonging to 15 species for plot 2. The average densities of germinated seeds were respectively 281 seedling/m<sup>2</sup> and 358 seedling/m<sup>2</sup>. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mean densities of the two plots. Herbaceous species dominated with percentages of 71% and 73%, respectively in plot 1 and plot 2. Both plots showed potential of regeneration from the soil seed bank. However, this potential seems higher in plot 2. Pioneer taxa were more abundant in the soil seed bank of plot 1 (4 woody pioneer species) than in plot 2 (1 woody pioneer species). The highest species richness was obtained in the first two soil layers (0 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm depth) while 25% of species were exclusively found in the deepest layer (15 - 20 cm) in plot 2. The study suggests silvicultural interventions based on planting or enrichment techniques for contribute to sustainable management of Marantaceae forests that could prevent the growth and development of seedlings.
文摘The belowground biomass is represented by coarse and fine roots. Concentrated in the superficial horizons of the soil, the fine roots play a crucial role in the functioning of a forest ecosystem. However, studies on their dynamics in natural forests are almost non-existent in the Republic of Congo. Here, we estimated the biomass, production, turnover and fine root lifespan of two forest strata of a semi-deciduous forest: the <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gilbertiodendron dewevrei</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (De Wild.) J. Léonard forest (GF) and the mixed forest (MF) of land. The ingrowth cores method was used to estimate the biomass, production, turnover and lifespan of fine roots. The results of this study revealed that the biomass, production and fine root turnover of the two forest strata studied significantly decreased with increasing soil depth, with an increase in lifespan. The annual fine root biomass of GF (2284.50 ± 37.62 <img src="Edit_990c94b6-013e-4e21-90df-d1388dc0e65f.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 1034.61 ± 14.52 <img src="Edit_dff42540-5a2f-413b-8620-cb500e9961e2.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) was slightly lower than that of MF (2430.07 ± 40.68 <img src="Edit_66800589-8460-4c37-83b2-2df0f335d75d.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 1043.10 ± 11.75 <img src="Edit_c22f255e-d910-4b49-a6a4-033516044362.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm horizons, respectively. The annual production of fine roots from these latter horizons was respectively 1300.19 ± 32.17 <img src="Edit_5482204b-8e9e-476a-907d-0865bf3a1c99.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 539.18 ± 11.55 <img src="Edit_65a2856e-5322-4fc9-b42a-3ba1176fa992.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in GF and 1362.24 ± 39.59 <img src="Edit_9802e464-658d-48eb-9b57-8e746c3e8ef4.png" alt="" /></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 492.95 ±
文摘In order to know the role of plant woody debris in the carbon cycle, a study of carbon stocks and carbon flow of plant woody debris was conducted in the natural forests of the centre of the republic of Congo in the Bateke Plateau. Allometric equations were used to measure the carbon stock of in dead wood debris of Lesio-louna tropical rainforest. Three plots of 40 m × 40 m were delimited in each forest types. All plots were within 300 m of each other. The average stocks of carbon in coarse woody debris obtained are 10993 g·m-2 and 14172 g·m-2, respectively, in the Gallery forest (GF) and the hill-slope forest clump (HF), the difference of carbon stock between the two forests is not significant (p = 0.78). The interannual mean flow in both forests is respectively 1776 and 545 g·m-2·an-1 in the FG and the MSDS;this medium is not significant (p = 0.10). Carbon stocks of fine woody debris are respectively 965 and 83 g·m-2 in the GF and HF, difference is significant (p = 0.0013). The interannual mean flow of carbon in fine woody debris in the GF and the HF were respectively 310 g·m-2·an-1 and 51 g·m-2·an-1.
文摘<span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><strong>Background:</strong></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> The prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically around the <span>world and it is reasonable to assume that young people attending school in</span> <span>Brazzaville are not spared. The objective of this study was to determine the pre</span>valence, as well as the factors associated with obesity and overweight among <span>students in Brazzaville. <b>Methods:</b> This is a cross-sectional study, conducted</span> as a questionnaire survey with 2052 pupils (869 boys and 1183 girls, aged 14 to 18). Obesity and overweight were determined from the body mass index and <span>reference curves of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), the associated factors, by performing </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">the</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> The preva</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">lence of over<span>weight in private and public institutions was 15.6% versus 5.5% (p < 0.001) </span><span>and obesity prevalence was 4.0% versus 1.5% (p < 0.001), respectively. The main factors associated with obesity and overweight were: parents’</span> monthly income (OR = 1.73), car as a means of transportation (OR = 2.75) and family history <span>of obesity (OR = 7.73). On the other hand, attending a public school,</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">walk</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">ing and high levels of physical activity had a protective effect against obesity in this population. <b>Conclusion: </b>The prevalence of obesity was higher in private institutions and require</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "="">d</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> management and prevention strategies.</span>
文摘Wood products trade sector remains crucial for many countries’ economies. This is also for the Republic of Congo (RC) where wood is the second most exported natural resource. </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In this study</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, we aimed to determine the predominant wood products exported from the RC to China from 2007 to 2019, analyze the trends related to this trade, compare the quantities of wood products exported to China and other destinations, and determine the perspectives for the sustainable trade. The descriptive study using graphs and tables, non-parametric technique Kruskal-Wallis, pairwise comparisons, and SWOT analysis made up the methodological basis for this study. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software supported data processing. The results showed </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">logs were mainly exported to China, 92.585% of the three major wood products quantity (Logs, Wet sawnwood, and Dried sawnwood). Volume distributions between products categories differ significantly (Sig. = 0.000 < α = 0.05). Besides, a significant volume (69.32%) was exported to China compared to the other destinations, and volume distributions between different destinations differ significantly (Sig. = 0.000 < α = 0.05). The SWOT analysis describes weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and potential threats related to RC’ wood products trade sector. The prospects for sustainable trade in wood products between the RC and China lie in establishing a good governance in the timber sector, supporting the emergence of domestic operators, and improving the business climate.
