The gravest prognostic factor in early gastric cancer is lymph-node metastasis,with an incidence of about 10% overall. About two-thirds of early gastric cancer patients can be diagnosed as node-negative prior to treat...The gravest prognostic factor in early gastric cancer is lymph-node metastasis,with an incidence of about 10% overall. About two-thirds of early gastric cancer patients can be diagnosed as node-negative prior to treatment based on clinicpathological data. Thus, the tumor can be resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection. In the remaining third, surgical resection is necessary because of the possibility of nodal metastasis. Nevertheless, almost all patients can be cured by gastrectomy with D1+ lymph-node dissection. Laparoscopic or robotic gastrectomy has become widespread in East Asia because perioperative and oncological safety are similar to open surgery. However, after D1+ gastrectomy,functional symptoms may still result. Physicians must strive to minimize postgastrectomy symptoms and optimize long-term quality of life after this operation.Depending on the location and size of the primary lesion, preservation of the pylorus or cardia should be considered. In addition, the extent of lymph-node dissection can be individualized, and significant gastric-volume preservation can be achieved if sentinel node biopsy is used to distinguish node-negative patients.Though the surgical treatment for early gastric cancer may be less radical than in the past, the operative method itself seems to be still in transition.展开更多
Increasing production and disposal of coal fly ash （CFA） is a matter of serious environment concern. However, CFA contains various beneficial metals and mineral matters whose demand is increasing in the industrializ...Increasing production and disposal of coal fly ash （CFA） is a matter of serious environment concern. However, CFA contains various beneficial metals and mineral matters whose demand is increasing in the industrialized world, while natural supplies are diminishing. Therefore, recovery of these potential resources from CFA can be an alternative way to save mineral resources, as well as to reduce the environmental burden of CFA disposal. There are numerous methods developed for the recovery of beneficial products from CFA. Based on the US patents and journal literatures, the present review describes the recovery status and technologies of major elements such as Al, Si, Fe and Ti, and trace elements such as V, Ga, Ge, Se, Li, Mo, U, Au, Ag, Pt groups and rare earth elements （REEs） and other beneficial products such as magnetic materials, cenospheres, and unburned carbon from CFA. It also highlights the recovery efficiency and drawbacks for their extraction, and suggests future research to develop satisfactory results in terms of selective recovery and purification.展开更多
在环境胁迫下,部分食源性微生物(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳酸菌和酵母等)会进入活的非可培养状态(Viable but non-culturable,VBNC)得以存活。进入VBNC状态的微生物在细胞形态、代谢活性以及致病性等方面发生了变化,并且...在环境胁迫下,部分食源性微生物(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳酸菌和酵母等)会进入活的非可培养状态(Viable but non-culturable,VBNC)得以存活。进入VBNC状态的微生物在细胞形态、代谢活性以及致病性等方面发生了变化,并且不能用常规的方法将其检出,因此给食品质量与安全带来了极大的挑战。本文总结了食源性微生物VBNC状态的发展趋势;简单介绍了食源性微生物VBNC状态的各种环境诱导因素、生理生化特性和复苏条件;着重论述了应用于食源性微生物VBNC状态的分子检测技术和噬菌体检测法,并讨论了方法的优缺点及优化方案。此外,本文还总结了分离和纯化VBNC状态微生物的方法并分析了方法的可行性,以期为进一步探究食源性微生物VBNC状态的生理特性,研发更加快速、简便和高效的检测分离方法提供参考。展开更多
文摘The gravest prognostic factor in early gastric cancer is lymph-node metastasis,with an incidence of about 10% overall. About two-thirds of early gastric cancer patients can be diagnosed as node-negative prior to treatment based on clinicpathological data. Thus, the tumor can be resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection. In the remaining third, surgical resection is necessary because of the possibility of nodal metastasis. Nevertheless, almost all patients can be cured by gastrectomy with D1+ lymph-node dissection. Laparoscopic or robotic gastrectomy has become widespread in East Asia because perioperative and oncological safety are similar to open surgery. However, after D1+ gastrectomy,functional symptoms may still result. Physicians must strive to minimize postgastrectomy symptoms and optimize long-term quality of life after this operation.Depending on the location and size of the primary lesion, preservation of the pylorus or cardia should be considered. In addition, the extent of lymph-node dissection can be individualized, and significant gastric-volume preservation can be achieved if sentinel node biopsy is used to distinguish node-negative patients.Though the surgical treatment for early gastric cancer may be less radical than in the past, the operative method itself seems to be still in transition.
文摘Increasing production and disposal of coal fly ash （CFA） is a matter of serious environment concern. However, CFA contains various beneficial metals and mineral matters whose demand is increasing in the industrialized world, while natural supplies are diminishing. Therefore, recovery of these potential resources from CFA can be an alternative way to save mineral resources, as well as to reduce the environmental burden of CFA disposal. There are numerous methods developed for the recovery of beneficial products from CFA. Based on the US patents and journal literatures, the present review describes the recovery status and technologies of major elements such as Al, Si, Fe and Ti, and trace elements such as V, Ga, Ge, Se, Li, Mo, U, Au, Ag, Pt groups and rare earth elements （REEs） and other beneficial products such as magnetic materials, cenospheres, and unburned carbon from CFA. It also highlights the recovery efficiency and drawbacks for their extraction, and suggests future research to develop satisfactory results in terms of selective recovery and purification.
文摘在环境胁迫下,部分食源性微生物(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳酸菌和酵母等)会进入活的非可培养状态(Viable but non-culturable,VBNC)得以存活。进入VBNC状态的微生物在细胞形态、代谢活性以及致病性等方面发生了变化,并且不能用常规的方法将其检出,因此给食品质量与安全带来了极大的挑战。本文总结了食源性微生物VBNC状态的发展趋势;简单介绍了食源性微生物VBNC状态的各种环境诱导因素、生理生化特性和复苏条件;着重论述了应用于食源性微生物VBNC状态的分子检测技术和噬菌体检测法,并讨论了方法的优缺点及优化方案。此外,本文还总结了分离和纯化VBNC状态微生物的方法并分析了方法的可行性,以期为进一步探究食源性微生物VBNC状态的生理特性,研发更加快速、简便和高效的检测分离方法提供参考。
