The superfamily of cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes plays key roles in plant evolution and metabolic diversification.This review provides a status on the CYP Iandscape within green algae and land plants.The 11 conserved CY...The superfamily of cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes plays key roles in plant evolution and metabolic diversification.This review provides a status on the CYP Iandscape within green algae and land plants.The 11 conserved CYP clans known from vascular plants are all present in green algae and several green algaespecific clans are recognized.Clan 71,72,and 85 remain the largest CYP clans and include many taxaspecific CYP(sub)families reflecting emergence of linage-specific pathways.Molecular features and dynamics of CYP plasticity and evolution are discussed and exemplified by selected biosynthetic pathways.High substrate promiscuity is commonly observed for CYPs from large families,favoring retention of gene duplicates and neofunctionalization,thus seeding acquisition of new functions.Elucidation of biosynthetic pathways producing metabolites with sporadic distribution across plant phylogeny reveals multiple exampies of convergent evolution where CYPs have been independently recruited from the same or different CYP families,to adapt to similar environmental challenges or ecological niches.Sometimes only a single or a few mutations are required for functional interconversion.A compilation of functionally characterized plant CYPs is provided online through the Plant P450 Database(erda.dk/public/vgrid/PlantP450/).展开更多
The demanding all-in-one electrocatalyst system for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), oxygen evolution reaction(OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in zinc-air batteries or water splitting requires elaborate mater...The demanding all-in-one electrocatalyst system for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), oxygen evolution reaction(OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in zinc-air batteries or water splitting requires elaborate material manufacturing, which is usually complicated and time-consuming.Efficient interface engineering between MXene and highly active electrocatalytic species(CoS_(2)) is, herein, achieved by an in situ hydrothermal growth and facile sulfurization process.The CoS_(2)@MXene electrocatalyst is composed by one-dimensional CoS_(2) nanowires and two-dimensional MXene nanosheets, which lead to a hierarchical structure(large specific surface area and abundant active sites), a spatial electron redistribution(high intrinsic activity), and high anchoring strength(superior performance stability). Therefore, the electrocatalyst achieves enhanced catalytic activity and longtime stability for ORR(a half-wave potential of 0.80 V), OER(an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2), i.e., η10= 270 mV)and HER(η10= 175 mV). Furthermore, the asymmetry water splitting system based on the CoS_(2)@MXene composites delivers a low overall voltage of 1.63 V at 10 mA cm^(-2). The solidstate zinc-air batteries using CoS_(2)@MXene as the air cathode display a small charge-discharge voltage gap(0.53 V at1 mA cm^(-2)) and superior stability(60 circles and 20-h continuous test). The energy interconversion between the chemical energy and electricity can be achieved by a self-powered system via integrating the water splitting system and quasisolid-state zinc-air batteries. Supported by in situ Raman analyses, the formation of cobalt oxyhydroxide species provides the active sites for water oxidation. This study paves apromising avenue for the design and application of multifunctional nanocatalysts.展开更多
Objective: To review, categorise, and synthesise findings from literature on health information technology (HIT) functionalities, HIT use, and the impact of HIT on hospital performance. Materials and Methods: We condu...Objective: To review, categorise, and synthesise findings from literature on health information technology (HIT) functionalities, HIT use, and the impact of HIT on hospital performance. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic integrative literature review based on a compre-hensive database search. To organise, categorise and synthesise the ex-isting literature, we adopted the affordance actualization theory. To align the literature with our research framework, we used four categories: 1) the functionalities of HIT and how these functionalities are measured;2) use and immediate outcomes of HIT functionalities;3) different perfor-mance indicators and how HIT functionalities affect them;and 4) what hospital characteristics influence the outcome of hospital performance. Results: Fifty-two studies were included. We identified four types of HIT. Only ten studies (19.2%) define the use of HIT by explicitly meas-uring the use rate of HIT. We identified five dimensions of hospital per-formance indicators. Every dimension showed mixed results;however, in general, HIT has a positive impact on mortality and patient readmis-sions. We found several hospital characteristics that may affect the rela-tionship between HIT and hospital-level outcomes. Discussion: Further efforts should focus on embedded research on HIT functionalities, use and effects of HIT implementations with more performance indicators and adjusted for hospital characteristics. Conclusion: The proposed framework could help hospitals and researchers make decisions regard-ing the functionalities, use and effects of HIT implementation in hospi-tals. Given our research outcomes, we suggest future research opportuni-ties to improve understanding of how HIT affects hospital performance. .展开更多
Despite recent advances in extrusion bioprinting of cell-laden hydrogels,using nat-urally derived bioinks to biofabricate complex elastic tissues with both satisfying biological functionalities and superior mechanical...Despite recent advances in extrusion bioprinting of cell-laden hydrogels,using nat-urally derived bioinks to biofabricate complex elastic tissues with both satisfying biological functionalities and superior mechanical properties is hitherto an unmet challenge.Here,we address this challenge with precisely designed biological tough hydrogel bioinks featuring a double-network structure.The tough hydrogels con-sisted of energy-dissipative dynamically crosslinked glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid(o-nitrobenzyl-grafted hyaluronic acid)and elastin through Schiff’s base reac-tion,and free-radically polymerized gelatin methacryloyl.The incorporation of elastin further improved the elasticity,stretchability(∼170%strain),and tough-ness(∼45 kJ m-3)of the hydrogels due to the random coiling structure.We used this novel class of hydrogel bioinks to bioprint several complex elastic tissues with good shape retention.Furthermore,in vitro and in vivo experiments also demon-strated that the existence of elastin in the biocompatible bioinks facilitated improved cell behaviors and biological functions of bioprinted tissues,such as cell spreading and phenotype maintenance as well as tissue regeneration.The results confirmed the potential of the elastin-containing tough hydrogel bioinks for bioprinting of 3D complex elastic tissues with biological functionalities,which mayfind widespread applications in elastic tissue regeneration.展开更多
Synthesis of functionalized mesoporous carbon by an easy-accessed method is of great importance towards its practical applications.Herein,an evaporation induced self-assembly/carbonization（EISAC）method was developed...Synthesis of functionalized mesoporous carbon by an easy-accessed method is of great importance towards its practical applications.Herein,an evaporation induced self-assembly/carbonization（EISAC）method was developed and applied to the synthesis of sulfonic acid group functionalized mesoporous carbon（SMC）.The final mesoporous carbon obtained by EISAC method possesses wormlike mesoporous structure,uniform pore size（3.6 nm）,large surface area of 735 m^2/g,graphitic pore walls and rich sulfonic acid group.Moreover,the resultant mesoporous carbon achieves a superior electrochemical capacitive performances（216 F/g） to phenolic resin derived mesoporous carbon（OMC,152 F/g） and commercial activated carbon（AC,119 F/g）.展开更多
Sodium-sulfur(Na–S)batteries that utilize earth-abundant materials of Na and S have been one of the hottest topics in battery research.The low cost and high energy density make them promising candidates for next-gene...Sodium-sulfur(Na–S)batteries that utilize earth-abundant materials of Na and S have been one of the hottest topics in battery research.The low cost and high energy density make them promising candidates for next-generation storage technologies as required in the grid and renewable energy.In recent years,extensive efforts have been devoted to the diversity and functionalities of Na–S batteries,aiming to extend their potential applications across multiple temporal and spatial dimensions.Here,we summarize the unconventional designs for the functionalities of Na–S batteries such as flexible batteries,solid-state cells,flame resistance,and operation at extreme temperatures.By highlighting these design strategies that help to realize the functionalities,we hope this review offers a pathway to foster the bright future of Na–S batteries in diverse applications.展开更多
基金supported by a PhD fellowship provided through a Villum Foundation Young Investigator Program fellowship granted to Elizabeth H.J.Neils on(grant number 13167)supported by the VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity(VKR023054)(B.L.M.)+1 种基金a European Research Council Advanced Grant(ERC-2012-ADG_20120314)the Novo Nordisk Foundation Distinguished Investigator 2019 Grant(NNF 0054563,The Black Holes in the Plant Universe).
文摘The superfamily of cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes plays key roles in plant evolution and metabolic diversification.This review provides a status on the CYP Iandscape within green algae and land plants.The 11 conserved CYP clans known from vascular plants are all present in green algae and several green algaespecific clans are recognized.Clan 71,72,and 85 remain the largest CYP clans and include many taxaspecific CYP(sub)families reflecting emergence of linage-specific pathways.Molecular features and dynamics of CYP plasticity and evolution are discussed and exemplified by selected biosynthetic pathways.High substrate promiscuity is commonly observed for CYPs from large families,favoring retention of gene duplicates and neofunctionalization,thus seeding acquisition of new functions.Elucidation of biosynthetic pathways producing metabolites with sporadic distribution across plant phylogeny reveals multiple exampies of convergent evolution where CYPs have been independently recruited from the same or different CYP families,to adapt to similar environmental challenges or ecological niches.Sometimes only a single or a few mutations are required for functional interconversion.A compilation of functionally characterized plant CYPs is provided online through the Plant P450 Database(erda.dk/public/vgrid/PlantP450/).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51871119 and 51901100)the High-Level Entrepreneurial and Innovative Talents Program of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Provincial Funds for Natural Science Foundation (BK20170793 and BK20180015)+2 种基金the Six Talent Peak Project of Jiangsu Province (2018-XCL-033)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M640481 and 2019T120426)the Foundation of Graduation Innovation Center in NUAA (kfjj20190609)。
文摘The demanding all-in-one electrocatalyst system for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), oxygen evolution reaction(OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in zinc-air batteries or water splitting requires elaborate material manufacturing, which is usually complicated and time-consuming.Efficient interface engineering between MXene and highly active electrocatalytic species(CoS_(2)) is, herein, achieved by an in situ hydrothermal growth and facile sulfurization process.The CoS_(2)@MXene electrocatalyst is composed by one-dimensional CoS_(2) nanowires and two-dimensional MXene nanosheets, which lead to a hierarchical structure(large specific surface area and abundant active sites), a spatial electron redistribution(high intrinsic activity), and high anchoring strength(superior performance stability). Therefore, the electrocatalyst achieves enhanced catalytic activity and longtime stability for ORR(a half-wave potential of 0.80 V), OER(an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2), i.e., η10= 270 mV)and HER(η10= 175 mV). Furthermore, the asymmetry water splitting system based on the CoS_(2)@MXene composites delivers a low overall voltage of 1.63 V at 10 mA cm^(-2). The solidstate zinc-air batteries using CoS_(2)@MXene as the air cathode display a small charge-discharge voltage gap(0.53 V at1 mA cm^(-2)) and superior stability(60 circles and 20-h continuous test). The energy interconversion between the chemical energy and electricity can be achieved by a self-powered system via integrating the water splitting system and quasisolid-state zinc-air batteries. Supported by in situ Raman analyses, the formation of cobalt oxyhydroxide species provides the active sites for water oxidation. This study paves apromising avenue for the design and application of multifunctional nanocatalysts.
文摘Objective: To review, categorise, and synthesise findings from literature on health information technology (HIT) functionalities, HIT use, and the impact of HIT on hospital performance. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic integrative literature review based on a compre-hensive database search. To organise, categorise and synthesise the ex-isting literature, we adopted the affordance actualization theory. To align the literature with our research framework, we used four categories: 1) the functionalities of HIT and how these functionalities are measured;2) use and immediate outcomes of HIT functionalities;3) different perfor-mance indicators and how HIT functionalities affect them;and 4) what hospital characteristics influence the outcome of hospital performance. Results: Fifty-two studies were included. We identified four types of HIT. Only ten studies (19.2%) define the use of HIT by explicitly meas-uring the use rate of HIT. We identified five dimensions of hospital per-formance indicators. Every dimension showed mixed results;however, in general, HIT has a positive impact on mortality and patient readmis-sions. We found several hospital characteristics that may affect the rela-tionship between HIT and hospital-level outcomes. Discussion: Further efforts should focus on embedded research on HIT functionalities, use and effects of HIT implementations with more performance indicators and adjusted for hospital characteristics. Conclusion: The proposed framework could help hospitals and researchers make decisions regard-ing the functionalities, use and effects of HIT implementation in hospi-tals. Given our research outcomes, we suggest future research opportuni-ties to improve understanding of how HIT affects hospital performance. .
基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Numbers:2021-I2M-1-052,2017-I2M-1-007National Multidisciplinary Cooperative Diagnosis and Treatment Capacity Building Project for Major Diseases,Grant/Award Number:21025National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82371796,81871575。
文摘Despite recent advances in extrusion bioprinting of cell-laden hydrogels,using nat-urally derived bioinks to biofabricate complex elastic tissues with both satisfying biological functionalities and superior mechanical properties is hitherto an unmet challenge.Here,we address this challenge with precisely designed biological tough hydrogel bioinks featuring a double-network structure.The tough hydrogels con-sisted of energy-dissipative dynamically crosslinked glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid(o-nitrobenzyl-grafted hyaluronic acid)and elastin through Schiff’s base reac-tion,and free-radically polymerized gelatin methacryloyl.The incorporation of elastin further improved the elasticity,stretchability(∼170%strain),and tough-ness(∼45 kJ m-3)of the hydrogels due to the random coiling structure.We used this novel class of hydrogel bioinks to bioprint several complex elastic tissues with good shape retention.Furthermore,in vitro and in vivo experiments also demon-strated that the existence of elastin in the biocompatible bioinks facilitated improved cell behaviors and biological functions of bioprinted tissues,such as cell spreading and phenotype maintenance as well as tissue regeneration.The results confirmed the potential of the elastin-containing tough hydrogel bioinks for bioprinting of 3D complex elastic tissues with biological functionalities,which mayfind widespread applications in elastic tissue regeneration.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2009CB623504)the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.20773062,20773063,21173119,and21273109)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Synthesis of functionalized mesoporous carbon by an easy-accessed method is of great importance towards its practical applications.Herein,an evaporation induced self-assembly/carbonization（EISAC）method was developed and applied to the synthesis of sulfonic acid group functionalized mesoporous carbon（SMC）.The final mesoporous carbon obtained by EISAC method possesses wormlike mesoporous structure,uniform pore size（3.6 nm）,large surface area of 735 m^2/g,graphitic pore walls and rich sulfonic acid group.Moreover,the resultant mesoporous carbon achieves a superior electrochemical capacitive performances（216 F/g） to phenolic resin derived mesoporous carbon（OMC,152 F/g） and commercial activated carbon（AC,119 F/g）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172219 and 51872192)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(19KJA170001)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202103021223019)Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi(No.202101030201022)
文摘Sodium-sulfur(Na–S)batteries that utilize earth-abundant materials of Na and S have been one of the hottest topics in battery research.The low cost and high energy density make them promising candidates for next-generation storage technologies as required in the grid and renewable energy.In recent years,extensive efforts have been devoted to the diversity and functionalities of Na–S batteries,aiming to extend their potential applications across multiple temporal and spatial dimensions.Here,we summarize the unconventional designs for the functionalities of Na–S batteries such as flexible batteries,solid-state cells,flame resistance,and operation at extreme temperatures.By highlighting these design strategies that help to realize the functionalities,we hope this review offers a pathway to foster the bright future of Na–S batteries in diverse applications.
