使用FY-2E静止气象卫星的红外1(10.3~11.3μm)和水汽波段(6.3~7.6μm)时序图像,对强对流云进行识别和短时预测。亮温阈值法是将强对流云和其他高云区分开的常用方法,但是合适的亮温阈值是随着时间和空间而变化的,过高的阈值会将许多卷...使用FY-2E静止气象卫星的红外1(10.3~11.3μm)和水汽波段(6.3~7.6μm)时序图像,对强对流云进行识别和短时预测。亮温阈值法是将强对流云和其他高云区分开的常用方法,但是合适的亮温阈值是随着时间和空间而变化的,过高的阈值会将许多卷云包括进来,太低的阈值会排除掉云顶发展还不是很高的强对流云。水汽波段所在的位置是水汽的一个强吸收带,而高度在400 h Pa上下的大气层是水汽波段的一个强吸收层,大气在垂直方向上的对水汽波段辐射吸收的分布模式使得卫星接收到的水汽波段辐射主要来自于400 h Pa以上的大气中高层,而卫星接收到的红外波段辐射主要来自于大气中低层,两个波段间辐射来源的差异使得不同光学厚度的高云的辐射观测值在红外—水汽光谱空间中的分布具有明显差别,并且这种差异具有时空的稳定性。本文将一定范围内的云团的象元测值在红外—水汽光谱空间中的分布的拟合直线斜率作为强对流云识别的依据,结果表明相对于亮温阈值法,本文的识别方法不仅能够较好地区别卷云和强对流云,同时也能更有效地识别未达到旺盛阶段的对流云。在对强对流云进行识别后,根据相邻时间段的卫星图像,利用交叉相关法反演得到强对流云团顶部的位移矢量场,并根据后向轨迹法对强对流云团位置形状进行短时预测,预报结果在短时间内(0~1 h)较好,并且对面积较大的云团的预报效果要优于较小的对流云团。此外文中还利用逐半小时的云顶黑体温度(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)资料分析了云顶亮温的分布变化,得到了整个强对流过程的演变特征。展开更多
The operational cloud-motion tracking technique fails to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) in areas lacking cloud; and while water vapor shown in water vapor imagery can be used, the heights assigned to the...The operational cloud-motion tracking technique fails to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) in areas lacking cloud; and while water vapor shown in water vapor imagery can be used, the heights assigned to the retrieved AMVs are mostly in the upper troposphere. As the noise-equivalent temperature difference (NEdT) performance of FY-2E split win- dow (10.3-11.5 μm, 11.6-12.8 μm) channels has been improved, the weak signals representing the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols in cloud-free areas can be strengthened with algorithms based on the difference principle, and applied in calculating AMVs in the lower troposphere. This paper is a preliminary summary for this purpose, in which the principles and algorithm schemes for the temporal difference, split window difference and second-order difference (SD) methods are introduced. Results from simulation and cases experiments are reported in order to verify and evaluate the methods, based on comparison among retrievals and the "truth". The results show that all three algorithms, though not perfect in some cases, generally work well. Moreover, the SD method appears to be the best in suppressing the surface temperature influence and clarifying the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols. The accuracy with respect to NCEP 800 hPa reanalysis data was found to be acceptable, as compared with the accuracy of the cloud motion vectors.展开更多
针对近两年北京首都国际机场的两次暖切初雷进行研究,总结预报经验,探讨预报的可行性,结果表明:1)两次暖切初雷中,500 h Pa高度层均有浅槽存在,且500 h Pa高度层的正涡度区到达本场附近的时间与雷雨发生时间一致,同时低层有较强的辐...针对近两年北京首都国际机场的两次暖切初雷进行研究,总结预报经验,探讨预报的可行性,结果表明:1)两次暖切初雷中,500 h Pa高度层均有浅槽存在,且500 h Pa高度层的正涡度区到达本场附近的时间与雷雨发生时间一致,同时低层有较强的辐合抬升;2)从雷达图像来看,两次雷雨发生时,本场附近均存在明显的速度辐合,雷雨回波为局地生成;3)相当黑体温度(Black Body Temperature,TBB)越低,对流越旺盛,所以TBB等值线图可以用来推断对流的发展趋势;4)在雷雨发生时段,基于风云2号气象卫星的雷暴云指数值介于0-0.5之间,雷暴云指数的变化趋势可以较准确表征雷雨发生的时间。展开更多
文摘使用FY-2E静止气象卫星的红外1(10.3~11.3μm)和水汽波段(6.3~7.6μm)时序图像,对强对流云进行识别和短时预测。亮温阈值法是将强对流云和其他高云区分开的常用方法,但是合适的亮温阈值是随着时间和空间而变化的,过高的阈值会将许多卷云包括进来,太低的阈值会排除掉云顶发展还不是很高的强对流云。水汽波段所在的位置是水汽的一个强吸收带,而高度在400 h Pa上下的大气层是水汽波段的一个强吸收层,大气在垂直方向上的对水汽波段辐射吸收的分布模式使得卫星接收到的水汽波段辐射主要来自于400 h Pa以上的大气中高层,而卫星接收到的红外波段辐射主要来自于大气中低层,两个波段间辐射来源的差异使得不同光学厚度的高云的辐射观测值在红外—水汽光谱空间中的分布具有明显差别,并且这种差异具有时空的稳定性。本文将一定范围内的云团的象元测值在红外—水汽光谱空间中的分布的拟合直线斜率作为强对流云识别的依据,结果表明相对于亮温阈值法,本文的识别方法不仅能够较好地区别卷云和强对流云,同时也能更有效地识别未达到旺盛阶段的对流云。在对强对流云进行识别后,根据相邻时间段的卫星图像,利用交叉相关法反演得到强对流云团顶部的位移矢量场,并根据后向轨迹法对强对流云团位置形状进行短时预测,预报结果在短时间内(0~1 h)较好,并且对面积较大的云团的预报效果要优于较小的对流云团。此外文中还利用逐半小时的云顶黑体温度(Temperature of Black Body,TBB)资料分析了云顶亮温的分布变化,得到了整个强对流过程的演变特征。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41175035 and 40475018)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB421502)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The operational cloud-motion tracking technique fails to retrieve atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) in areas lacking cloud; and while water vapor shown in water vapor imagery can be used, the heights assigned to the retrieved AMVs are mostly in the upper troposphere. As the noise-equivalent temperature difference (NEdT) performance of FY-2E split win- dow (10.3-11.5 μm, 11.6-12.8 μm) channels has been improved, the weak signals representing the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols in cloud-free areas can be strengthened with algorithms based on the difference principle, and applied in calculating AMVs in the lower troposphere. This paper is a preliminary summary for this purpose, in which the principles and algorithm schemes for the temporal difference, split window difference and second-order difference (SD) methods are introduced. Results from simulation and cases experiments are reported in order to verify and evaluate the methods, based on comparison among retrievals and the "truth". The results show that all three algorithms, though not perfect in some cases, generally work well. Moreover, the SD method appears to be the best in suppressing the surface temperature influence and clarifying the spatial texture of water vapor and aerosols. The accuracy with respect to NCEP 800 hPa reanalysis data was found to be acceptable, as compared with the accuracy of the cloud motion vectors.
文摘针对近两年北京首都国际机场的两次暖切初雷进行研究,总结预报经验,探讨预报的可行性,结果表明:1)两次暖切初雷中,500 h Pa高度层均有浅槽存在,且500 h Pa高度层的正涡度区到达本场附近的时间与雷雨发生时间一致,同时低层有较强的辐合抬升;2)从雷达图像来看,两次雷雨发生时,本场附近均存在明显的速度辐合,雷雨回波为局地生成;3)相当黑体温度(Black Body Temperature,TBB)越低,对流越旺盛,所以TBB等值线图可以用来推断对流的发展趋势;4)在雷雨发生时段,基于风云2号气象卫星的雷暴云指数值介于0-0.5之间,雷暴云指数的变化趋势可以较准确表征雷雨发生的时间。