本文分析了公司报告中多样化和标准化之间的联系。我们认为,“ 围绕标准报告进行按需报告 ”(Customization Around a Standard Report,以下简称CASR)是未来财务报告的一种可行方法。在此方法下,通用财务报告作为基准,保持了信息的可靠...本文分析了公司报告中多样化和标准化之间的联系。我们认为,“ 围绕标准报告进行按需报告 ”(Customization Around a Standard Report,以下简称CASR)是未来财务报告的一种可行方法。在此方法下,通用财务报告作为基准,保持了信息的可靠性、可比性,以满足使用者的共同信息需求,而附加的按需报告则满足了使用者的不同信息需求。CAS R 仅靠报告公司本身是无法有效实施的。CASR 应当由报告公司、信息中介和最终使用者共同担当,才能发挥更大的效力。这种联合的 CASR 能在 P2P(Peer-to-Peer)的网络互联环境下实现。在此环境下,原始财务数据(如报告公司)以及财务分析师提供的报告均可通过因特网互联和共享。网络环境将对按需报告和标准化产生极大需求。在这种数据互联和文档共享的条件下,为提高未来网上可能出现的大量按需报告的合法性和可靠性,对鉴证服务的需求将大大增加。展开更多
目的探讨黄芪甲甙介导钙敏感受体(CaSR)对缺血缺氧心肌的保护作用及机制。方法将32只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组(IS0)、黄芪甲甙低剂量组(ISO+AST IV 10 mg/kg)、黄芪甲甙高剂量组(ISO+AST IV 20 mg/kg);HE染色光镜下观察不同组...目的探讨黄芪甲甙介导钙敏感受体(CaSR)对缺血缺氧心肌的保护作用及机制。方法将32只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组(IS0)、黄芪甲甙低剂量组(ISO+AST IV 10 mg/kg)、黄芪甲甙高剂量组(ISO+AST IV 20 mg/kg);HE染色光镜下观察不同组别心肌组织的病理学改变,检测不同组别血清肌酸激酶及肌酸激酶同工酶含量;Western blotting法检测CaSR蛋白的表达。结果与模型组相比黄芪甲甙低、高剂量组能不同程度减轻心肌病理改变,降低血清肌酸激酶以及肌酸激酶同工酶含量,下调CaSR蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。结论黄芪甲甙对异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠缺血缺氧心肌有保护作用;其机制可能为下调CaSR蛋白表达减轻CaSR对心肌损伤的作用。展开更多
Insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） regulates cell growth, survival, and differentiation by acting on the IGF-I receptor, （IGF-IR）-a tyrosine kinase receptor, which elicits diverse intracellular signaling respons...Insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） regulates cell growth, survival, and differentiation by acting on the IGF-I receptor, （IGF-IR）-a tyrosine kinase receptor, which elicits diverse intracellular signaling responses. All skeletal cells express IGF-I and IGF-IR. Recent studies using tissue/cell-specific gene knockout mouse models and cell culture techniques have clearly demonstrated that locally produced IGF-I is more critical than the systemic IGF-I in supporting embryonic and postnatal skeletal development and bone remodeling. Local IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling promotes the growth, survival and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteo- blasts, directly and indirectly, by altering other autocrine/paracrine signaling pathways in cartilage and bone, and by enhancing interactions among these skeletal cells through hormonal and physical means. Moreover, local IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling is critical for the anabolic bone actions of growth hormone and parathyroid hormone. Herein, we review evidence supporting the actions of local IGF-I/IGF-IR in the above aspects of skeletal development and remodeling.展开更多
文摘本文分析了公司报告中多样化和标准化之间的联系。我们认为,“ 围绕标准报告进行按需报告 ”(Customization Around a Standard Report,以下简称CASR)是未来财务报告的一种可行方法。在此方法下,通用财务报告作为基准,保持了信息的可靠性、可比性,以满足使用者的共同信息需求,而附加的按需报告则满足了使用者的不同信息需求。CAS R 仅靠报告公司本身是无法有效实施的。CASR 应当由报告公司、信息中介和最终使用者共同担当,才能发挥更大的效力。这种联合的 CASR 能在 P2P(Peer-to-Peer)的网络互联环境下实现。在此环境下,原始财务数据(如报告公司)以及财务分析师提供的报告均可通过因特网互联和共享。网络环境将对按需报告和标准化产生极大需求。在这种数据互联和文档共享的条件下,为提高未来网上可能出现的大量按需报告的合法性和可靠性,对鉴证服务的需求将大大增加。
文摘目的探讨黄芪甲甙介导钙敏感受体(CaSR)对缺血缺氧心肌的保护作用及机制。方法将32只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组(IS0)、黄芪甲甙低剂量组(ISO+AST IV 10 mg/kg)、黄芪甲甙高剂量组(ISO+AST IV 20 mg/kg);HE染色光镜下观察不同组别心肌组织的病理学改变,检测不同组别血清肌酸激酶及肌酸激酶同工酶含量;Western blotting法检测CaSR蛋白的表达。结果与模型组相比黄芪甲甙低、高剂量组能不同程度减轻心肌病理改变,降低血清肌酸激酶以及肌酸激酶同工酶含量,下调CaSR蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。结论黄芪甲甙对异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠缺血缺氧心肌有保护作用;其机制可能为下调CaSR蛋白表达减轻CaSR对心肌损伤的作用。
基金supported by NIH grants RO1 AG021353(W.C.),AR055924(D.B),DK 054793(D.B.)Department of Veteran Affairs Program Project Award Program in Bone Disease and Merit Review Grants(W.C.,D.B.)
文摘Insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） regulates cell growth, survival, and differentiation by acting on the IGF-I receptor, （IGF-IR）-a tyrosine kinase receptor, which elicits diverse intracellular signaling responses. All skeletal cells express IGF-I and IGF-IR. Recent studies using tissue/cell-specific gene knockout mouse models and cell culture techniques have clearly demonstrated that locally produced IGF-I is more critical than the systemic IGF-I in supporting embryonic and postnatal skeletal development and bone remodeling. Local IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling promotes the growth, survival and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteo- blasts, directly and indirectly, by altering other autocrine/paracrine signaling pathways in cartilage and bone, and by enhancing interactions among these skeletal cells through hormonal and physical means. Moreover, local IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling is critical for the anabolic bone actions of growth hormone and parathyroid hormone. Herein, we review evidence supporting the actions of local IGF-I/IGF-IR in the above aspects of skeletal development and remodeling.
