Objective: Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.) is an important herb in traditional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men. In the present research the authors evaluated its ability ...Objective: Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.) is an important herb in traditional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men. In the present research the authors evaluated its ability to destroy leukemic cancer(Jurkat E6-1) cells, using the alkaloid extract of this plant.Methods: Constituents of the alkaloid extract were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) and their cytotoxicity in leukemic cancer cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was assessed. Cell death via apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering, caspase-3 activity,annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and mitochondrial toxicity assays. The specific course of gene activation in treated cells was determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results: GC–MS analysis identified six alkaloids and proto-alkaloids, namely, benzyl isothiocyanate(1),2-ethoxy-4 H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one(2),(4 R)-2-(2-aminophenyl)-4-phenyloxazoline(3), 5-acetyl-1,2-di hydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile(4), benzo[b][1,8]-naphthyridin-5(10 H)-on e,2,4,7-trimethyl(5) and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone(6), in the alkaloid extract of L. sativum. Of these,compound 1 was previously identified in the seeds of L. sativum. Exposure to the alkaloid extract caused death of Jurkat E6-1 cells, with median lethal concentration(LC50) of 75.25 mg/mL. However, the alkaloid extract also showed a nontoxic and proliferative(1.6-fold) effect in healthy PBMCs. Further experiments performed with Jurkat cells at LC50 and sub-LC50 doses demonstrated DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3 and time-dependant phosphatidylserine translocation(apoptosis) from inner to outer cell membranes. Cell toxicity and assessment of adenosine triphosphate level, together with using qPCR to evaluate expression profile of major apoptosis genes, revealed that apoptosis may be induced by disruption in the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in Jurkat 展开更多
Tropaeolum majus L. is widely known as a medicinal plant in human medicine. It belongs to the Tropaeolaceae which contains mustard oil glycosides like cruciferous plants. In the case of T. majus, the intact glucosinol...Tropaeolum majus L. is widely known as a medicinal plant in human medicine. It belongs to the Tropaeolaceae which contains mustard oil glycosides like cruciferous plants. In the case of T. majus, the intact glucosinolate glucotropaeolin showed no biological activity, but their degradation products, the isothiocyanates, did. The substances are thought to be enriched in the urinary bladder and the lungs, the active sites to develop their antimicrobial effectiveness. In animal nutrition these effects are of interest in sow management and piglet rearing. Therefore, the kinetics of benzyl-isothiocyanat (BITC) in plasma and the excretion with pig urine in response to nasturtium supplementation at different dosing regimens and galenic forms were examined. Four different groups with catheterized pigs were studied. The animals received the T. majus in different dosages (2.3, 6.9 and 13.4 mg GTL/kg BW) and different galenic forms (enteric coated tablets, pulverized tablets and powder) admixed to the feed ration as single bolus to the morning feeding. Blood and urine samples were collected within 24 h after nasturtium intake and analyzed for free BITC. The results indicated that the enteric coating was not effective in animal feeding. The concentration of BITC in tablet fed pigs was lower compared to animals fed powder or pulverized tablets. The bio-availability of the tablets was only 45% within 24 h relative to pulverized tablets. Nevertheless, the tablets could have some advantages in terms of the handling, the stability of the active substance and the dosing. Furthermore, it could be shown that all dosages yielded concentrations in urine and plasma, which can be considered to have an antimicrobial effect.展开更多
基金the Department of Science and Technology for providing fellowships (IF120278)
文摘Objective: Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.) is an important herb in traditional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men. In the present research the authors evaluated its ability to destroy leukemic cancer(Jurkat E6-1) cells, using the alkaloid extract of this plant.Methods: Constituents of the alkaloid extract were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) and their cytotoxicity in leukemic cancer cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was assessed. Cell death via apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering, caspase-3 activity,annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and mitochondrial toxicity assays. The specific course of gene activation in treated cells was determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results: GC–MS analysis identified six alkaloids and proto-alkaloids, namely, benzyl isothiocyanate(1),2-ethoxy-4 H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one(2),(4 R)-2-(2-aminophenyl)-4-phenyloxazoline(3), 5-acetyl-1,2-di hydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile(4), benzo[b][1,8]-naphthyridin-5(10 H)-on e,2,4,7-trimethyl(5) and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone(6), in the alkaloid extract of L. sativum. Of these,compound 1 was previously identified in the seeds of L. sativum. Exposure to the alkaloid extract caused death of Jurkat E6-1 cells, with median lethal concentration(LC50) of 75.25 mg/mL. However, the alkaloid extract also showed a nontoxic and proliferative(1.6-fold) effect in healthy PBMCs. Further experiments performed with Jurkat cells at LC50 and sub-LC50 doses demonstrated DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3 and time-dependant phosphatidylserine translocation(apoptosis) from inner to outer cell membranes. Cell toxicity and assessment of adenosine triphosphate level, together with using qPCR to evaluate expression profile of major apoptosis genes, revealed that apoptosis may be induced by disruption in the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in Jurkat
基金supported by the Fachagentur fur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe(FNR),Gulzow,Germany
文摘Tropaeolum majus L. is widely known as a medicinal plant in human medicine. It belongs to the Tropaeolaceae which contains mustard oil glycosides like cruciferous plants. In the case of T. majus, the intact glucosinolate glucotropaeolin showed no biological activity, but their degradation products, the isothiocyanates, did. The substances are thought to be enriched in the urinary bladder and the lungs, the active sites to develop their antimicrobial effectiveness. In animal nutrition these effects are of interest in sow management and piglet rearing. Therefore, the kinetics of benzyl-isothiocyanat (BITC) in plasma and the excretion with pig urine in response to nasturtium supplementation at different dosing regimens and galenic forms were examined. Four different groups with catheterized pigs were studied. The animals received the T. majus in different dosages (2.3, 6.9 and 13.4 mg GTL/kg BW) and different galenic forms (enteric coated tablets, pulverized tablets and powder) admixed to the feed ration as single bolus to the morning feeding. Blood and urine samples were collected within 24 h after nasturtium intake and analyzed for free BITC. The results indicated that the enteric coating was not effective in animal feeding. The concentration of BITC in tablet fed pigs was lower compared to animals fed powder or pulverized tablets. The bio-availability of the tablets was only 45% within 24 h relative to pulverized tablets. Nevertheless, the tablets could have some advantages in terms of the handling, the stability of the active substance and the dosing. Furthermore, it could be shown that all dosages yielded concentrations in urine and plasma, which can be considered to have an antimicrobial effect.
