目的系统总结气道管理临床研究证据和临床共识,为医护人员围手术期气道管理提供临床指南。方法2019~2020年,由32位专家提出40个临床问题,采用德菲尔法和PICO(患者、干预措施、对照措施、结果指标)原则,最终纳入12个临床问题。检索PubMed...目的系统总结气道管理临床研究证据和临床共识,为医护人员围手术期气道管理提供临床指南。方法2019~2020年,由32位专家提出40个临床问题,采用德菲尔法和PICO(患者、干预措施、对照措施、结果指标)原则,最终纳入12个临床问题。检索PubMed、Web of Science、万方、中国知网。检索时间为数据库建库至2020年11月。共纳入160篇文献,采用GRADE方法评价证据质量:A级18篇、B级36篇、C级69篇、D级37篇。基于证据,召开4次会议,提出23条推荐意见,其中强推荐10条、弱推荐13条。结果患者术前至少戒烟4周、需进行肺功能评估和肺康复训练,尤其是合并高危因素的患者至少肺康复训练1周;术中麻醉维持采用吸入或静脉麻醉,推荐选择短效药物,使用麻醉深度和肌肉松弛深度监测,推荐保护性通气策略;术后使用药物和机械性措施预防静脉血栓栓塞症,合理应用各种引流管,疼痛管理则推荐采用预镇痛、多模式镇痛;围手术期可使用吸入性糖皮质激素联合支气管扩张剂治疗,从而降低气道高反应性、缓解术后咳嗽。结论胸外科围手术期气道管理术前强调戒烟、肺功能评估及肺康复训练;术中强调麻醉药物合理应用和肺保护性通气策略;术后加强气道管理、疼痛管理和引流管管理,同时重视术后咳嗽评估与处理。展开更多
目的探讨神经外科重症昏迷患者人工气道管理方案的临床应用效果。方法制订神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,包括综合评估、系统实施、量表督查和落实改进4个方面。收集我院神经重症监护单元收治的283例格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma ...目的探讨神经外科重症昏迷患者人工气道管理方案的临床应用效果。方法制订神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,包括综合评估、系统实施、量表督查和落实改进4个方面。收集我院神经重症监护单元收治的283例格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)<6分且建立气管切开人工气道的神经重症昏迷患者的临床资料。其中2013年—2015年的161例患者为对照组,采取常规气道管理模式;2016年—2018年的122例患者为试验组,实施神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,分别收集两组干预前和干预1周后痰液性状、声门下吸引物性状、肺部感染发生率、ICU住院时间和平均住院日的资料。结果试验组痰液和声门下吸引物显著减少,性状较对照组明显改善(P<0.001);试验组肺部感染发生率为32.8%,较对照组显著下降(P<0.01);试验组ICU住院时间和平均住院日均显著降低(P<0.01和P<0.001)。人工气道工作小组气道综合管理措施执行效果量化评分为(94.6±1.8)分。结论落实神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,能够改善患者的痰液性状,降低肺部感染发生率,缩短住院日,改善患者预后。展开更多
Background Because patients with scar contracture of the neck are at a high risk of loss of the airway control after anesthesia induction, awake intubation is usually recommended. This retrospective clinical study was...Background Because patients with scar contracture of the neck are at a high risk of loss of the airway control after anesthesia induction, awake intubation is usually recommended. This retrospective clinical study was designed to evaluate the possibility, safety and efficacy of airway management and tracheal intubation under general anesthesia in such patients. Methods This retrospective study included 1683 patients from January 1994 to December 2006 with scar contracture of the neck, aged 1.5--67.0 years, who were scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia in Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Based on the results of the preoperative airway assessment, the patients were classified into group 1 （including 1375 patients with the atlanto-occipital extension of 〉20° and the Mallampatti＇s grade I or II） and group 2 （containing 308 patients with the atlanto-occipital extension of 〈20° and the Mallampatti＇s grade III or IV. In group 1, the intravenous induction and maintenance of anesthesia and succinylcholine for muscle relaxation were used. The intubation was done using a modified Macintosh technique. In group 2, the total intravenous anesthesia （TIVA） or the sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia was chosen and the spontaneous breathing was reserved during anesthesia. The intubation was performed by a fiberoptic stylet laryngoscope （FOSL）. The number of intubation attempts, intubation time and relative complications were observed and recorded in all patients. Results In group 1, the intubation was accomplished during the first attempt in 1279 cases （93%） and the intubation time was 〈3 minutes in 1304 cases （95%）. In group 2, the intubation was completed by the first attempt in 114 patients （37%） and 123 patients had an intubation time of 〈3 minutes （40%）. Tracheal intubation was successful by the second or third attempt in 96 patients in group 1 and 156 patients in group 2. Thirty-eight patients r展开更多
文摘目的系统总结气道管理临床研究证据和临床共识,为医护人员围手术期气道管理提供临床指南。方法2019~2020年,由32位专家提出40个临床问题,采用德菲尔法和PICO(患者、干预措施、对照措施、结果指标)原则,最终纳入12个临床问题。检索PubMed、Web of Science、万方、中国知网。检索时间为数据库建库至2020年11月。共纳入160篇文献,采用GRADE方法评价证据质量:A级18篇、B级36篇、C级69篇、D级37篇。基于证据,召开4次会议,提出23条推荐意见,其中强推荐10条、弱推荐13条。结果患者术前至少戒烟4周、需进行肺功能评估和肺康复训练,尤其是合并高危因素的患者至少肺康复训练1周;术中麻醉维持采用吸入或静脉麻醉,推荐选择短效药物,使用麻醉深度和肌肉松弛深度监测,推荐保护性通气策略;术后使用药物和机械性措施预防静脉血栓栓塞症,合理应用各种引流管,疼痛管理则推荐采用预镇痛、多模式镇痛;围手术期可使用吸入性糖皮质激素联合支气管扩张剂治疗,从而降低气道高反应性、缓解术后咳嗽。结论胸外科围手术期气道管理术前强调戒烟、肺功能评估及肺康复训练;术中强调麻醉药物合理应用和肺保护性通气策略;术后加强气道管理、疼痛管理和引流管管理,同时重视术后咳嗽评估与处理。
文摘目的探讨神经外科重症昏迷患者人工气道管理方案的临床应用效果。方法制订神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,包括综合评估、系统实施、量表督查和落实改进4个方面。收集我院神经重症监护单元收治的283例格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)<6分且建立气管切开人工气道的神经重症昏迷患者的临床资料。其中2013年—2015年的161例患者为对照组,采取常规气道管理模式;2016年—2018年的122例患者为试验组,实施神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,分别收集两组干预前和干预1周后痰液性状、声门下吸引物性状、肺部感染发生率、ICU住院时间和平均住院日的资料。结果试验组痰液和声门下吸引物显著减少,性状较对照组明显改善(P<0.001);试验组肺部感染发生率为32.8%,较对照组显著下降(P<0.01);试验组ICU住院时间和平均住院日均显著降低(P<0.01和P<0.001)。人工气道工作小组气道综合管理措施执行效果量化评分为(94.6±1.8)分。结论落实神经外科昏迷患者人工气道管理方案,能够改善患者的痰液性状,降低肺部感染发生率,缩短住院日,改善患者预后。
文摘Background Because patients with scar contracture of the neck are at a high risk of loss of the airway control after anesthesia induction, awake intubation is usually recommended. This retrospective clinical study was designed to evaluate the possibility, safety and efficacy of airway management and tracheal intubation under general anesthesia in such patients. Methods This retrospective study included 1683 patients from January 1994 to December 2006 with scar contracture of the neck, aged 1.5--67.0 years, who were scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia in Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Based on the results of the preoperative airway assessment, the patients were classified into group 1 （including 1375 patients with the atlanto-occipital extension of 〉20° and the Mallampatti＇s grade I or II） and group 2 （containing 308 patients with the atlanto-occipital extension of 〈20° and the Mallampatti＇s grade III or IV. In group 1, the intravenous induction and maintenance of anesthesia and succinylcholine for muscle relaxation were used. The intubation was done using a modified Macintosh technique. In group 2, the total intravenous anesthesia （TIVA） or the sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia was chosen and the spontaneous breathing was reserved during anesthesia. The intubation was performed by a fiberoptic stylet laryngoscope （FOSL）. The number of intubation attempts, intubation time and relative complications were observed and recorded in all patients. Results In group 1, the intubation was accomplished during the first attempt in 1279 cases （93%） and the intubation time was 〈3 minutes in 1304 cases （95%）. In group 2, the intubation was completed by the first attempt in 114 patients （37%） and 123 patients had an intubation time of 〈3 minutes （40%）. Tracheal intubation was successful by the second or third attempt in 96 patients in group 1 and 156 patients in group 2. Thirty-eight patients r
基金天津市护理学会科研课题(tjhlky201608)；武警后勤学院附属医院种子基金面上项目(FYM 201573)Fund program:Tianjin Nursing Association Scientific Research Subject，Armed Police Logistics College Affiliated Hospital Seed Money on the Project
