The presence of acidic soil in rural areas poses difficulties for agricultural production.One factor regulating soil pH is the overuse of inorganic fertilizer.The increased use of fertilizers in soybean production not...The presence of acidic soil in rural areas poses difficulties for agricultural production.One factor regulating soil pH is the overuse of inorganic fertilizer.The increased use of fertilizers in soybean production not only raises sustainability concerns but also contributes to soil acidity.Therefore,the use of organic fertilizer could offer a solution for addressing both issues related to soil acidity and sustainability.The purpose of this study was to investigate the manipulation of soil pH using organic fertilizer for soybean production under acidic stress.The planting medium,consisting of a mixture of topsoil,rice husk charcoal,and organic fertilizer(in a ratio of 2:1:1),was supplemented with 0.5 g of NPK fertilizer as a basal treatment in each planting medium.To regulate the soil acidity to pH 4,we added FeSO_(4) and allowed the mixture to incubate for 30 days.The results demonstrate that the application of three types of organic fertilizers chicken manure(P1),oil palm empty bunch fertilizer(P2),and vermicompost(P3)positively impacts the growth of three soybean varieties.The findings indicate that the application of P2 organic fertilizer can increase vegetative growth almost 50%in soybeans on acidic soil,including plant height,leaf count,and root length.Meanwhile,applying P3 organic fertilizer can boost reproductive growth responses in soybeans on acidic soil,such as pod number(from around 0-4 unit to 42-51 unit),grain number(from around 0-5 unit to 88-90 unit),and grain weight(from around 0-0.37 g to 12-25 g).Organic fertilizer has the potential to regulate soil pH,promoting higher yields of soybeans under acidic stress.展开更多
Alexander disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein,a type III intermediate filament protein expressed in astrocytes.Both early(infantile or juvenile)and a...Alexander disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein,a type III intermediate filament protein expressed in astrocytes.Both early(infantile or juvenile)and adult onsets of the disease are known and,in both cases,astrocytes present characteristic aggregates,named Rosenthal fibers.Mutations are spread along the glial fibrillary acidic protein sequence disrupting the typical filament network in a dominant manner.Although the presence of aggregates suggests a proteostasis problem of the mutant forms,this behavior is also observed when the expression of wild-type glial fibrillary acidic protein is increased.Additionally,several isoforms of glial fibrillary acidic protein have been described to date,while the impact of the mutations on their expression and proportion has not been exhaustively studied.Moreover,the posttranslational modification patterns and/or the protein-protein interaction networks of the glial fibrillary acidic protein mutants may be altered,leading to functional changes that may modify the morphology,positioning,and/or the function of several organelles,in turn,impairing astrocyte normal function and subsequently affecting neurons.In particular,mitochondrial function,redox balance and susceptibility to oxidative stress may contribute to the derangement of glial fibrillary acidic protein mutant-expressing astrocytes.To study the disease and to develop putative therapeutic strategies,several experimental models have been developed,a collection that is in constant growth.The fact that most cases of Alexander disease can be related to glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations,together with the availability of new and more relevant experimental models,holds promise for the design and assay of novel therapeutic strategies.展开更多
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Tuberculosis retrieved intense interest in phage-based therapy.This old approach,which was abandoned in the west in the 1940s but is generating...The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Tuberculosis retrieved intense interest in phage-based therapy.This old approach,which was abandoned in the west in the 1940s but is generating renewed interest,has stimulated fresh research on mycobacteriophages and their lytic efficiency against their hosts.GP30 is a novel protein of the mycobacteriophage CASbig with undiscovered function.In this study,we analyzed the role of CASbig gp30 in the host Mycobacterium smegmatis.Overexpression of gp30 in the host led to reduced growth in acidic medium and attenuated the intracellular survival rate of M.smegmatis inside the THP-1 macrophages,which may be linked to the altered lipid profile of the recombinant bacterial cell wall.In a word,this study suggested that gp30,a novel gene from a mycobacteriophage,modulated lipid composition and content to hamper the survivability of bacteria under stress conditions.展开更多
Glycinebetaine （Glybet） accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency and growth performance in indica rice cultivated under salt stress and extreme pH stress were investigated. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase （BADH） act...Glycinebetaine （Glybet） accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency and growth performance in indica rice cultivated under salt stress and extreme pH stress were investigated. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase （BADH） activity and Glybet accumulation in the seedlings of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice varieties grown under saline and acidic conditions peaked after treatment for 72 h and 96 h, respectively, and were higher than those grown under neutral pH and alkaline salt stress. A positive correlation was found between BADH activity and Glybet content in both salt-tolerant （P=0.71） and salt-sensitive （P=0.86） genotypes. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids contents in the stressed seedlings significantly decreased under both acidic and alkaline stresses, especially in the salt-sensitive genotype. Similarly, the maximum quantum yield of PSII （Fv/Fm）, photon yield of PSII （ФPSII）, non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） and net photosynthetic rate （Pn） in the stressed seedlings were inhibited, leading to overall growth reduction. The positive correlations between chlorophyll a content and Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll content and ФPSII, and Pn as well as Pn and leaf area in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes were found. Saline acidic and saline alkaline soils may play a key role affecting vegetative growth prior to the reproductive stage in rice plants.展开更多
In order to investigate stress corrosion cracking （SCC） of X70 pipeline steel and its weld joint area in acidic soil environ- ment in China, two simulating methods were used： one was to obtain bad microstructures i...In order to investigate stress corrosion cracking （SCC） of X70 pipeline steel and its weld joint area in acidic soil environ- ment in China, two simulating methods were used： one was to obtain bad microstructures in heat affected zone by annealing at 1300 ℃ for 10 min and then, quenching in water; the other was to get different simulating solutions of acidic soil in Yingtan in south- east China. The SCC susceptibilities of X70 pipeline steel before and after quenching in the simulating solutions were analyzed using slow stain rate test （SSRT） and potentiodynamic polarization technique to investigate the SCC electrochemical mechanism of different microstructures further. The results show that SCC appears in the original microstructure and the quenched microstructure as the polarization potential decreases. Hydrogen revolution accelerates SCC of the two tested materials within the range of-850 mV to -1200 mV vs. SCE. Microstructural hardening and grain coarsening also increase SCC. The SCC mechanisms are different, anodic dissolution is the key of causing SCC as the polarization potential is higher than the null current potential, and hydrogen embrittlement will play a more important role to SCC as the polarization potential lower than the null current potential.展开更多
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely involved in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model was given an intraperitoneal injection of tauroursodeox...Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely involved in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model was given an intraperitoneal injection of tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Results from immunofluorescent co-localization experiments showed that both caspase-12 protein and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation levels significantly in- creased, which was associated with retinal ganglion cell death in diabetic retinas. The C/ERB ho- mologous protein pathway directly contributed to glial reactivity, and was subsequently responsible for neuronal loss and vascular abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy. Our experimental findings in- dicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in diabetes-induced retinal neu- ronal loss and vascular abnormalities, and that inhibiting the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway provides effective protection against diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
文摘The presence of acidic soil in rural areas poses difficulties for agricultural production.One factor regulating soil pH is the overuse of inorganic fertilizer.The increased use of fertilizers in soybean production not only raises sustainability concerns but also contributes to soil acidity.Therefore,the use of organic fertilizer could offer a solution for addressing both issues related to soil acidity and sustainability.The purpose of this study was to investigate the manipulation of soil pH using organic fertilizer for soybean production under acidic stress.The planting medium,consisting of a mixture of topsoil,rice husk charcoal,and organic fertilizer(in a ratio of 2:1:1),was supplemented with 0.5 g of NPK fertilizer as a basal treatment in each planting medium.To regulate the soil acidity to pH 4,we added FeSO_(4) and allowed the mixture to incubate for 30 days.The results demonstrate that the application of three types of organic fertilizers chicken manure(P1),oil palm empty bunch fertilizer(P2),and vermicompost(P3)positively impacts the growth of three soybean varieties.The findings indicate that the application of P2 organic fertilizer can increase vegetative growth almost 50%in soybeans on acidic soil,including plant height,leaf count,and root length.Meanwhile,applying P3 organic fertilizer can boost reproductive growth responses in soybeans on acidic soil,such as pod number(from around 0-4 unit to 42-51 unit),grain number(from around 0-5 unit to 88-90 unit),and grain weight(from around 0-0.37 g to 12-25 g).Organic fertilizer has the potential to regulate soil pH,promoting higher yields of soybeans under acidic stress.
基金Work at the authors’laboratories is supported by grants from"la Caixa"FoundationGrant Agreement LCF/PR/HR21/52410002+4 种基金EJP RD COFUND-EJP N°825575"Alexander"to DPS and MPAgencia Estatal de Investigacion,MICINN and ERDF Grant No.RTI2018-097624-B-I00 and PID2021-126827OB-I00 to DPSgrants from the Swedish Research Council(2017-02255)ALF Gothenburg(146051)The Swedish Society for Medical Research,Hj?rnfonden,S?derberg’s Foundations,Hagstr?mer’s Foundation Millennium,Ami?v’s Foundation,E.Jacobson’s Donation Fund,the Swedish Stroke Foundation,NanoNet COST Action(BM1002),EU FP 7 Program TargetBraln(279017)to MP。
文摘Alexander disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein,a type III intermediate filament protein expressed in astrocytes.Both early(infantile or juvenile)and adult onsets of the disease are known and,in both cases,astrocytes present characteristic aggregates,named Rosenthal fibers.Mutations are spread along the glial fibrillary acidic protein sequence disrupting the typical filament network in a dominant manner.Although the presence of aggregates suggests a proteostasis problem of the mutant forms,this behavior is also observed when the expression of wild-type glial fibrillary acidic protein is increased.Additionally,several isoforms of glial fibrillary acidic protein have been described to date,while the impact of the mutations on their expression and proportion has not been exhaustively studied.Moreover,the posttranslational modification patterns and/or the protein-protein interaction networks of the glial fibrillary acidic protein mutants may be altered,leading to functional changes that may modify the morphology,positioning,and/or the function of several organelles,in turn,impairing astrocyte normal function and subsequently affecting neurons.In particular,mitochondrial function,redox balance and susceptibility to oxidative stress may contribute to the derangement of glial fibrillary acidic protein mutant-expressing astrocytes.To study the disease and to develop putative therapeutic strategies,several experimental models have been developed,a collection that is in constant growth.The fact that most cases of Alexander disease can be related to glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations,together with the availability of new and more relevant experimental models,holds promise for the design and assay of novel therapeutic strategies.
基金Key R&D and Promotion Projects of Henan Province,grant number 192102310156,the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.81601740the Applied Basic Research Program of Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province,Grant No.2018JY0108the National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(X2017013,X2019070,202010475006).
文摘The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Tuberculosis retrieved intense interest in phage-based therapy.This old approach,which was abandoned in the west in the 1940s but is generating renewed interest,has stimulated fresh research on mycobacteriophages and their lytic efficiency against their hosts.GP30 is a novel protein of the mycobacteriophage CASbig with undiscovered function.In this study,we analyzed the role of CASbig gp30 in the host Mycobacterium smegmatis.Overexpression of gp30 in the host led to reduced growth in acidic medium and attenuated the intracellular survival rate of M.smegmatis inside the THP-1 macrophages,which may be linked to the altered lipid profile of the recombinant bacterial cell wall.In a word,this study suggested that gp30,a novel gene from a mycobacteriophage,modulated lipid composition and content to hamper the survivability of bacteria under stress conditions.
基金supported by the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) (Grant No. BT-B-06-RG-14-4502)partly funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (Contract No. 12998/R0)
文摘Glycinebetaine （Glybet） accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency and growth performance in indica rice cultivated under salt stress and extreme pH stress were investigated. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase （BADH） activity and Glybet accumulation in the seedlings of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice varieties grown under saline and acidic conditions peaked after treatment for 72 h and 96 h, respectively, and were higher than those grown under neutral pH and alkaline salt stress. A positive correlation was found between BADH activity and Glybet content in both salt-tolerant （P=0.71） and salt-sensitive （P=0.86） genotypes. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids contents in the stressed seedlings significantly decreased under both acidic and alkaline stresses, especially in the salt-sensitive genotype. Similarly, the maximum quantum yield of PSII （Fv/Fm）, photon yield of PSII （ФPSII）, non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） and net photosynthetic rate （Pn） in the stressed seedlings were inhibited, leading to overall growth reduction. The positive correlations between chlorophyll a content and Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll content and ФPSII, and Pn as well as Pn and leaf area in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes were found. Saline acidic and saline alkaline soils may play a key role affecting vegetative growth prior to the reproductive stage in rice plants.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Platforms Construction Projects of China (No.2005DKA 10400)the Major Fund in the Tenth Five-Year Development Plan of China (No.50499333-08)
文摘In order to investigate stress corrosion cracking （SCC） of X70 pipeline steel and its weld joint area in acidic soil environ- ment in China, two simulating methods were used： one was to obtain bad microstructures in heat affected zone by annealing at 1300 ℃ for 10 min and then, quenching in water; the other was to get different simulating solutions of acidic soil in Yingtan in south- east China. The SCC susceptibilities of X70 pipeline steel before and after quenching in the simulating solutions were analyzed using slow stain rate test （SSRT） and potentiodynamic polarization technique to investigate the SCC electrochemical mechanism of different microstructures further. The results show that SCC appears in the original microstructure and the quenched microstructure as the polarization potential decreases. Hydrogen revolution accelerates SCC of the two tested materials within the range of-850 mV to -1200 mV vs. SCE. Microstructural hardening and grain coarsening also increase SCC. The SCC mechanisms are different, anodic dissolution is the key of causing SCC as the polarization potential is higher than the null current potential, and hydrogen embrittlement will play a more important role to SCC as the polarization potential lower than the null current potential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81170877the National Basic Research Program of China,No.2007CB512203
文摘Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely involved in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model was given an intraperitoneal injection of tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Results from immunofluorescent co-localization experiments showed that both caspase-12 protein and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation levels significantly in- creased, which was associated with retinal ganglion cell death in diabetic retinas. The C/ERB ho- mologous protein pathway directly contributed to glial reactivity, and was subsequently responsible for neuronal loss and vascular abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy. Our experimental findings in- dicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in diabetes-induced retinal neu- ronal loss and vascular abnormalities, and that inhibiting the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway provides effective protection against diabetic retinopathy.
