The active DNA demethylation in early embryos is essential for subsequent development. Although the zygotic genome is globally demethylated, the DNA methylation of imprinted regions, part of repeat sequences and some ...The active DNA demethylation in early embryos is essential for subsequent development. Although the zygotic genome is globally demethylated, the DNA methylation of imprinted regions, part of repeat sequences and some gamete-specific regions are maintained. Recent evidence has shown that multiple proteins and biological pathways participate in the regulation of active DNA demethylation, such as TET proteins, DNA repair pathways and DNA methyltransferases. Here we review the recent understanding regarding proteins associated with active DNA demethylation and the regulatory networks controlling the active DNA demethylation in early embryos.展开更多
After implantation,complex and highly specialized molecular events render functionally distinct organ formation,whereas how the epigenome shapes organ-specific development remains to be fully elucidated.Here,nano-hmC-...After implantation,complex and highly specialized molecular events render functionally distinct organ formation,whereas how the epigenome shapes organ-specific development remains to be fully elucidated.Here,nano-hmC-Seal,RNA bisulfite sequencing(RNA-BisSeq),and RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)were performed,and the first multilayer landscapes of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC)and RNA 5-methylcytosine(m^(5)C)epigenomes were obtained in the heart,kidney,liver,and lung of the human foetuses at 13-28 weeks with 123 samples in total.We identified 70,091 and 503 organ-and stage-specific differentially hydroxymethylated regions(DhMRs)and m^(5)C-modified mRNAs,respectively.The key transcription factors(TFs),T-box transcription factor 20(TBX20),paired box 8(PAX8),krueppel-like factor 1(KLF1),transcription factor 21(TCF21),and CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta(CEBPB),specifically contribute to the formation of distinct organs at different stages.Additionally,5hmC-enriched Alu elements may participate in the regulation of expression of TF-targeted genes.Our integrated studies reveal a putative essential link between DNA modification and RNA methylation,and illustrate the epigenetic maps during human foetal organogenesis,which provide a foundation for an in-depth understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying early development and birth defects.展开更多
As a dioxygenase. Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 （TET2） catalyzes subsequent steps of 5-methylcytosine （5mC） oxidation. TET2 plays a critical role in the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hei-natopoi...As a dioxygenase. Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 （TET2） catalyzes subsequent steps of 5-methylcytosine （5mC） oxidation. TET2 plays a critical role in the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hei-natopoietic stem cells, but its impact on mature hematopoietic cells is not well-characterized. Here we show that Tet2 plays an essential role in osteoclastogenesis. Dele- tion of Tet2 impairs the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells （macrophages） and their matu- ration into bone-resorbing osteoclasts in vitro. Furthermore, Tet2 / mice exhibit mild osteopetrosis, accompanied by decreased number of osteoclasts in vivo. Tet2 loss in macrophages results in the altered expression of a set of genes implicated in osteoclast differentiation, such as Cehpa, Mafb, and Nfkbiz. Tet2 deletion also leads to a genome-wide alteration in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine （ShmC） and altered expression of a specific subset of macrophage genes associated with osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, Tet2 interacts with Runxl and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity. Our studies demonstrate a novel molecular mechanism controlling osteoclast differentiation and function by Tet2, that is, through interactions with Runxl and the maintenance of genomie 5hmC. Targeting Tet2 and its pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and t,＇eatment of abnormal bone mass caused by the deregulation of osteoclast activities.展开更多
DNA methylation is a reversible process catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation(TET)family of enzymes(TET1,TET2,TET3)that convert 5-methylcytosine(5mC)to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC).Altered patterns of 5hmC and 5m...DNA methylation is a reversible process catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation(TET)family of enzymes(TET1,TET2,TET3)that convert 5-methylcytosine(5mC)to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC).Altered patterns of 5hmC and 5mC are widely reported in human cancers and loss of 5hmC correlates with poor prognosis.展开更多
文摘The active DNA demethylation in early embryos is essential for subsequent development. Although the zygotic genome is globally demethylated, the DNA methylation of imprinted regions, part of repeat sequences and some gamete-specific regions are maintained. Recent evidence has shown that multiple proteins and biological pathways participate in the regulation of active DNA demethylation, such as TET proteins, DNA repair pathways and DNA methyltransferases. Here we review the recent understanding regarding proteins associated with active DNA demethylation and the regulatory networks controlling the active DNA demethylation in early embryos.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2019YFA0110900,2019YFA0802202,2019YFA0802200 and 2020YFA0803401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31870817 and 32170819)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Project of Universities of Henan Province,China(Grant No.20HASTIT045)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.2017SHZDZX01)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M692927).
文摘After implantation,complex and highly specialized molecular events render functionally distinct organ formation,whereas how the epigenome shapes organ-specific development remains to be fully elucidated.Here,nano-hmC-Seal,RNA bisulfite sequencing(RNA-BisSeq),and RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)were performed,and the first multilayer landscapes of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC)and RNA 5-methylcytosine(m^(5)C)epigenomes were obtained in the heart,kidney,liver,and lung of the human foetuses at 13-28 weeks with 123 samples in total.We identified 70,091 and 503 organ-and stage-specific differentially hydroxymethylated regions(DhMRs)and m^(5)C-modified mRNAs,respectively.The key transcription factors(TFs),T-box transcription factor 20(TBX20),paired box 8(PAX8),krueppel-like factor 1(KLF1),transcription factor 21(TCF21),and CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta(CEBPB),specifically contribute to the formation of distinct organs at different stages.Additionally,5hmC-enriched Alu elements may participate in the regulation of expression of TF-targeted genes.Our integrated studies reveal a putative essential link between DNA modification and RNA methylation,and illustrate the epigenetic maps during human foetal organogenesis,which provide a foundation for an in-depth understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying early development and birth defects.
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. CA172408 to MX and FCY, Grant No. HL112294 to MX)the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) (SCOR program to SN, FCY, and MX+7 种基金 translational grant to SN)University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (SCCC to MX and FCY), the United Statessupported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0103402to WY)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81629001 to MX, 81670102 to ZZ, 81600136 to YC, and 81421002 to WY)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (Grant Nos. 2017-I2M-3-015 to WY and 2016-I2M-1-017 to YC)Tianjin Application Foundation and Advanced Technology Research Program (Grant Nos. 16JCYBJC25200 to ZZ and 17JCQNJC09800 to YC)SKLEH-Pilot Research Grand (Grant No. ZK16-3 to ZZ)Peking Union Medical College Youth Fund (Grant No. 3332016092 to YC), China
文摘As a dioxygenase. Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 （TET2） catalyzes subsequent steps of 5-methylcytosine （5mC） oxidation. TET2 plays a critical role in the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hei-natopoietic stem cells, but its impact on mature hematopoietic cells is not well-characterized. Here we show that Tet2 plays an essential role in osteoclastogenesis. Dele- tion of Tet2 impairs the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells （macrophages） and their matu- ration into bone-resorbing osteoclasts in vitro. Furthermore, Tet2 / mice exhibit mild osteopetrosis, accompanied by decreased number of osteoclasts in vivo. Tet2 loss in macrophages results in the altered expression of a set of genes implicated in osteoclast differentiation, such as Cehpa, Mafb, and Nfkbiz. Tet2 deletion also leads to a genome-wide alteration in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine （ShmC） and altered expression of a specific subset of macrophage genes associated with osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, Tet2 interacts with Runxl and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity. Our studies demonstrate a novel molecular mechanism controlling osteoclast differentiation and function by Tet2, that is, through interactions with Runxl and the maintenance of genomie 5hmC. Targeting Tet2 and its pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and t,＇eatment of abnormal bone mass caused by the deregulation of osteoclast activities.
文摘DNA methylation is a reversible process catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation(TET)family of enzymes(TET1,TET2,TET3)that convert 5-methylcytosine(5mC)to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC).Altered patterns of 5hmC and 5mC are widely reported in human cancers and loss of 5hmC correlates with poor prognosis.
