INTRODUCTIONDevelopment of drug-resistance to chemotherapyand subsequent metastasis of tumor are primarilyresponsible for treatment failure and the death fromcancer. There have been many previous studies onthe relatio...INTRODUCTIONDevelopment of drug-resistance to chemotherapyand subsequent metastasis of tumor are primarilyresponsible for treatment failure and the death fromcancer. There have been many previous studies onthe relationship between expression of multidrugresistance (MDR) phenotype P-glycoprotein (P-gp)and the malignant properties of tumors, but theresults are often conflicting[1-8]. The difference intumor types or MDR phenotype induced by specificagents might account for this discrepancy. Taxotere(TXT), a member of the family of taxanes, hasantitumor activity through its effect of promotingthe polymerization of tubulin[9,10].展开更多
Plants are a group of multicellular organisms crucial for the biosphere on the Earth. In the 17 th century, the founding fathers of modern botany viewed the bud as the basic unit undergoing the plant life cycle. Howev...Plants are a group of multicellular organisms crucial for the biosphere on the Earth. In the 17 th century, the founding fathers of modern botany viewed the bud as the basic unit undergoing the plant life cycle. However, for many understandable reasons, the dominant conceptual framework evolved away from the "bud-centered" viewpoint to a "plant-centered" viewpoint that treated the whole plant, consisting of numerous buds, as a unit and considered the entire plant to be the functional equivalent of an animal individual. While this "plant-centered" viewpoint is convenient and great progress has been made using this conceptual framework, some fundamental problems remain logically unsolvable. Previously, I have proposed a new conceptual framework for interpretation of plant morphogenesis, called Plant Morphogenesis 123, which revives a "bud-centered" viewpoint. The perspective of Plant Morphogenesis 123 allows us to address new questions regarding to the mechanisms of plant morphogenesis that are important, and technically accessible, but previously neglected under the "plant-centered" conceptual framework. In addition to describing these questions, I address a more fundamental question for further discussion: why do people study plants?展开更多
The second-generation high-temperature superconductor tape(2G-HTS,also known as a coated conductor)based on REBaCuO(REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ))exhibits high current density and potential cost-effective price/performance,c...The second-generation high-temperature superconductor tape(2G-HTS,also known as a coated conductor)based on REBaCuO(REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ))exhibits high current density and potential cost-effective price/performance,compared with conventional superconducting materials.Using commercial 2G-HTS tapes,more than a dozen cable vendors had been manufacturing REBCO cables,such as the latest kilometer-class REBCO cable,which was incorporated into a civil grid on December 2021,as part of the recordbreaking 35-kV-voltage superconductor cable demonstration project in downtown Shanghai.This paper describes the development of HTS-coated conductors,then outlines the various technological routes for their preparation,reviews the artificial flux pinning of coated conductors,and finally summarizes the technological breakthroughs,the latest research advances,and provides an outlook on their application prospects.展开更多
In the 123 phase high-T<sub>c</sub> superconductor YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-δ</sub>, the transition temperature, T<sub>c</sub>, is remarkably su...In the 123 phase high-T<sub>c</sub> superconductor YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-δ</sub>, the transition temperature, T<sub>c</sub>, is remarkably suppressed by substitution of Cu by Fe, Co, Ni or Zn, etc. The trivalent ions Fe and Co preferentially substitute for Cu（Ⅰ） sites（on the Cu-O chains）. It is suggested in many reports that the reduction of T<sub>c</sub> is mainly caused by the sharp decrease of the carrier concentration when Cu（Ⅰ） is replaced partially. Furthermore, He Zhen-hui et al.展开更多
One of the major barriers to the application of the bulk high-T_c oxide superconductors is the low value of critical current density J_c caused by the ’weak-link’between grains. To solve the problem, efforts have be...One of the major barriers to the application of the bulk high-T_c oxide superconductors is the low value of critical current density J_c caused by the ’weak-link’between grains. To solve the problem, efforts have been made in cleaning and decreasing the area of grain boundaries as well as in preparing textured materials.展开更多
The distribution of mitochondria during early development of mouse embryos was visualized bymitochondria-specific vital fluorescent dye, rhodamine 123(Rh 123). Mitochondrial clusters wasmarkedly conceotrated to perinu...The distribution of mitochondria during early development of mouse embryos was visualized bymitochondria-specific vital fluorescent dye, rhodamine 123(Rh 123). Mitochondrial clusters wasmarkedly conceotrated to perinuclear area in blastomere of normal 2-ccll embryos. In blastomere ofuncompacted 8-cell embryos, mitochondria were randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, butthey were reorganizcd to the cytocortices beneath the apposed surfaces of blastomere duringcompaction. As demonstrated in our study, colchicine (10 μg/ml) produced marked effect onmitochondrial distribution in blastomcre of 2-cell and compacted 8-cell embryos: mitochondriabecame scattered throughout the cytoplasm ofblastomere. It is suggested that the spatial distributionof mitochondria in early mouse embryo are maintained by microtubule.展开更多
基金Supported in part by phone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals INC
文摘INTRODUCTIONDevelopment of drug-resistance to chemotherapyand subsequent metastasis of tumor are primarilyresponsible for treatment failure and the death fromcancer. There have been many previous studies onthe relationship between expression of multidrugresistance (MDR) phenotype P-glycoprotein (P-gp)and the malignant properties of tumors, but theresults are often conflicting[1-8]. The difference intumor types or MDR phenotype induced by specificagents might account for this discrepancy. Taxotere(TXT), a member of the family of taxanes, hasantitumor activity through its effect of promotingthe polymerization of tubulin[9,10].
文摘Plants are a group of multicellular organisms crucial for the biosphere on the Earth. In the 17 th century, the founding fathers of modern botany viewed the bud as the basic unit undergoing the plant life cycle. However, for many understandable reasons, the dominant conceptual framework evolved away from the "bud-centered" viewpoint to a "plant-centered" viewpoint that treated the whole plant, consisting of numerous buds, as a unit and considered the entire plant to be the functional equivalent of an animal individual. While this "plant-centered" viewpoint is convenient and great progress has been made using this conceptual framework, some fundamental problems remain logically unsolvable. Previously, I have proposed a new conceptual framework for interpretation of plant morphogenesis, called Plant Morphogenesis 123, which revives a "bud-centered" viewpoint. The perspective of Plant Morphogenesis 123 allows us to address new questions regarding to the mechanisms of plant morphogenesis that are important, and technically accessible, but previously neglected under the "plant-centered" conceptual framework. In addition to describing these questions, I address a more fundamental question for further discussion: why do people study plants?
基金supported in part by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.52172271)by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE03150200)。
文摘The second-generation high-temperature superconductor tape(2G-HTS,also known as a coated conductor)based on REBaCuO(REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ))exhibits high current density and potential cost-effective price/performance,compared with conventional superconducting materials.Using commercial 2G-HTS tapes,more than a dozen cable vendors had been manufacturing REBCO cables,such as the latest kilometer-class REBCO cable,which was incorporated into a civil grid on December 2021,as part of the recordbreaking 35-kV-voltage superconductor cable demonstration project in downtown Shanghai.This paper describes the development of HTS-coated conductors,then outlines the various technological routes for their preparation,reviews the artificial flux pinning of coated conductors,and finally summarizes the technological breakthroughs,the latest research advances,and provides an outlook on their application prospects.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In the 123 phase high-T<sub>c</sub> superconductor YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-δ</sub>, the transition temperature, T<sub>c</sub>, is remarkably suppressed by substitution of Cu by Fe, Co, Ni or Zn, etc. The trivalent ions Fe and Co preferentially substitute for Cu（Ⅰ） sites（on the Cu-O chains）. It is suggested in many reports that the reduction of T<sub>c</sub> is mainly caused by the sharp decrease of the carrier concentration when Cu（Ⅰ） is replaced partially. Furthermore, He Zhen-hui et al.
基金Project supported by Chinese National Center for Research and Development of Superconductivity.
文摘One of the major barriers to the application of the bulk high-T_c oxide superconductors is the low value of critical current density J_c caused by the ’weak-link’between grains. To solve the problem, efforts have been made in cleaning and decreasing the area of grain boundaries as well as in preparing textured materials.
基金This work was aupported by the Foundation for Scientific Research of Shandong Province, PRC.
文摘The distribution of mitochondria during early development of mouse embryos was visualized bymitochondria-specific vital fluorescent dye, rhodamine 123(Rh 123). Mitochondrial clusters wasmarkedly conceotrated to perinuclear area in blastomere of normal 2-ccll embryos. In blastomere ofuncompacted 8-cell embryos, mitochondria were randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, butthey were reorganizcd to the cytocortices beneath the apposed surfaces of blastomere duringcompaction. As demonstrated in our study, colchicine (10 μg/ml) produced marked effect onmitochondrial distribution in blastomcre of 2-cell and compacted 8-cell embryos: mitochondriabecame scattered throughout the cytoplasm ofblastomere. It is suggested that the spatial distributionof mitochondria in early mouse embryo are maintained by microtubule.
