Background: Pregnancy is associated with important changes in gut microbiota composition. Dietary factors may affect the diversity, composition, and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. Among amino acids, ...Background: Pregnancy is associated with important changes in gut microbiota composition. Dietary factors may affect the diversity, composition, and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. Among amino acids, proline is known to play important roles in protein metabolism and structure, cell differentiation, conceptus growth and development, and gut microbiota re-equilibration in case of dysbiosis.Results: Dietary supplementation with 1% proline decreased(P < 0.05) the amounts of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Peptostreptococcus productus, Pseudomonas, and Veillonella spp. in distal colonic contents than that in the control group. The colonic contents of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Bifidobacterium sp., Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella increased(P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy as compared with those on d 45 of pregnancy. The colonic concentrations of acetate, total straight-chain fatty acid, and total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) in the proline-supplemented group were lower(P < 0.05), and butyrate level(P = 0.06) decreased as compared with the control group. Almost all of the SCFA displayed higher(P < 0.05) concentrations in proximal colonic contents on d 70 of pregnancy than those on d 45 of pregnancy. The concentrations of 1,7-heptyl diamine(P = 0.09) and phenylethylamine(P < 0.05) in proximal colonic contents were higher, while those of spermidine(P = 0.05) and total bioamine(P = 0.06) tended to be lower in the proline-supplemented group than those in the control group. The concentrations of spermidine, spermine, and total bioamine in colonic contents were higher(P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy than those measured on d 45 of pregnancy. In contrast, the concentration of phenylethylamine was lower(P < 0.05) on d 70 than on d 45 of pregnancy.(Continued on next page)(Continued from previous page)Conclusion: These findings indicate that L-proline supplementation modifies 展开更多
经络是中医理论的核心概念.以往大量的研究表明,经络存在于间质中,其中可能有组织液的流动.荧光素钠是一种亲水的小分子荧光物质,用经络定位仪测量5只健康小型猪四肢的低电阻点(low impedance point, LIP)及其构成的循经低电阻线(low im...经络是中医理论的核心概念.以往大量的研究表明,经络存在于间质中,其中可能有组织液的流动.荧光素钠是一种亲水的小分子荧光物质,用经络定位仪测量5只健康小型猪四肢的低电阻点(low impedance point, LIP)及其构成的循经低电阻线(low impedance line along meridians, LILM),然后在LIP及旁开高电阻点(high impedance point, HIP)注射微量荧光素钠.使用装有窄带滤色镜的数码相机与一组蓝光闪光灯采集注射前及注射后不同时刻的荧光迁移轨迹图像,观察荧光素迁移分布的特征.对部分体表荧光素轨迹,采用静脉显像仪定位浅表静脉后比较两者的位置.对部分体表荧光素轨迹,在干冰冷冻后观察其横切面的分布特征.结果发现,沿四肢的LILM共出现可重复的7条体表循经迁移轨迹,其中前肢外侧和内侧各有三条,后肢内侧有一条,迁移轨迹的平均长度为5.13 cm,而在HIP注射后仅出现接近圆形的局部扩散,两者的长度、宽度和长宽比均有极显著性差异(P<0.01).迁移轨迹与LILM的吻合度为81.4%,与体表静脉投影不重合,迁移轨迹在横切面的形状多为倒三角形,沿肌肉间隙分布,提示经络可能是一种未知的间质通道.展开更多
AIM: to establish a new animal model for the research of human rotavirus(HRV) infection, its pathogenesis and immunity and evaluation of potential vaccines.METHODS: 5-d, 30-d and 60-d-old Chinese mini-pigs, Guizhou an...AIM: to establish a new animal model for the research of human rotavirus(HRV) infection, its pathogenesis and immunity and evaluation of potential vaccines.METHODS: 5-d, 30-d and 60-d-old Chinese mini-pigs, Guizhou and bamma, were inoculated with a single oral dose of attenuated strain Wa, G1, G3 of HRV, and PbS(control), respectively, and fecal samples of pigs from 0 to 7 d post infection(DPI) were collected individually. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect HRV antigen in feces. the HRV was tested by real-time PCR(Rt-PCR). the sections of the intestinal tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the morphologic variation by microscopy. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the HRV in intestinal tissue. HRV particles in cells of the ileum were observed by electron micrography.RESULTS: When inoculated with HRV, mini-pigs younger than 30 d developed diarrhea in an agedependent manner and shed HRV antigen of the sameinoculum, as demonstrated by Rt- PCR.Histopathological changes were observed in HRV inoculated mini-pigs including small intestinal cell tumefaction and necrosis. HRV that was distributed in the small intestine was restricted to the top part of the villi on the internal wall of the ileum, which was observed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Virus particles were observed in Golgi like follicles in HRV-infected neonatal minipigs. Guizhou mini-pigs were more sensitive to HRV than bamma with respect to RV antigen shedding and clinical diarrhea.CONCLUSION: these results indicate that we have established a mini-pig model of HRV induced diarrhea. Our findings are useful for the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of HRV infection.展开更多
基金jointly supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31572421 and 31270044)National Key R&D Program(2017YFD0500503)“Western Light”key program for Talent Cultivation from Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists(F.Blachier,2013T2S0014)
文摘Background: Pregnancy is associated with important changes in gut microbiota composition. Dietary factors may affect the diversity, composition, and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota. Among amino acids, proline is known to play important roles in protein metabolism and structure, cell differentiation, conceptus growth and development, and gut microbiota re-equilibration in case of dysbiosis.Results: Dietary supplementation with 1% proline decreased(P < 0.05) the amounts of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Peptostreptococcus productus, Pseudomonas, and Veillonella spp. in distal colonic contents than that in the control group. The colonic contents of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Bifidobacterium sp., Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusobacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella increased(P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy as compared with those on d 45 of pregnancy. The colonic concentrations of acetate, total straight-chain fatty acid, and total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) in the proline-supplemented group were lower(P < 0.05), and butyrate level(P = 0.06) decreased as compared with the control group. Almost all of the SCFA displayed higher(P < 0.05) concentrations in proximal colonic contents on d 70 of pregnancy than those on d 45 of pregnancy. The concentrations of 1,7-heptyl diamine(P = 0.09) and phenylethylamine(P < 0.05) in proximal colonic contents were higher, while those of spermidine(P = 0.05) and total bioamine(P = 0.06) tended to be lower in the proline-supplemented group than those in the control group. The concentrations of spermidine, spermine, and total bioamine in colonic contents were higher(P < 0.05) on d 70 of pregnancy than those measured on d 45 of pregnancy. In contrast, the concentration of phenylethylamine was lower(P < 0.05) on d 70 than on d 45 of pregnancy.(Continued on next page)(Continued from previous page)Conclusion: These findings indicate that L-proline supplementation modifies
文摘经络是中医理论的核心概念.以往大量的研究表明,经络存在于间质中,其中可能有组织液的流动.荧光素钠是一种亲水的小分子荧光物质,用经络定位仪测量5只健康小型猪四肢的低电阻点(low impedance point, LIP)及其构成的循经低电阻线(low impedance line along meridians, LILM),然后在LIP及旁开高电阻点(high impedance point, HIP)注射微量荧光素钠.使用装有窄带滤色镜的数码相机与一组蓝光闪光灯采集注射前及注射后不同时刻的荧光迁移轨迹图像,观察荧光素迁移分布的特征.对部分体表荧光素轨迹,采用静脉显像仪定位浅表静脉后比较两者的位置.对部分体表荧光素轨迹,在干冰冷冻后观察其横切面的分布特征.结果发现,沿四肢的LILM共出现可重复的7条体表循经迁移轨迹,其中前肢外侧和内侧各有三条,后肢内侧有一条,迁移轨迹的平均长度为5.13 cm,而在HIP注射后仅出现接近圆形的局部扩散,两者的长度、宽度和长宽比均有极显著性差异(P<0.01).迁移轨迹与LILM的吻合度为81.4%,与体表静脉投影不重合,迁移轨迹在横切面的形状多为倒三角形,沿肌肉间隙分布,提示经络可能是一种未知的间质通道.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30400402 and No.30571708
文摘AIM: to establish a new animal model for the research of human rotavirus(HRV) infection, its pathogenesis and immunity and evaluation of potential vaccines.METHODS: 5-d, 30-d and 60-d-old Chinese mini-pigs, Guizhou and bamma, were inoculated with a single oral dose of attenuated strain Wa, G1, G3 of HRV, and PbS(control), respectively, and fecal samples of pigs from 0 to 7 d post infection(DPI) were collected individually. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect HRV antigen in feces. the HRV was tested by real-time PCR(Rt-PCR). the sections of the intestinal tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe the morphologic variation by microscopy. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the HRV in intestinal tissue. HRV particles in cells of the ileum were observed by electron micrography.RESULTS: When inoculated with HRV, mini-pigs younger than 30 d developed diarrhea in an agedependent manner and shed HRV antigen of the sameinoculum, as demonstrated by Rt- PCR.Histopathological changes were observed in HRV inoculated mini-pigs including small intestinal cell tumefaction and necrosis. HRV that was distributed in the small intestine was restricted to the top part of the villi on the internal wall of the ileum, which was observed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Virus particles were observed in Golgi like follicles in HRV-infected neonatal minipigs. Guizhou mini-pigs were more sensitive to HRV than bamma with respect to RV antigen shedding and clinical diarrhea.CONCLUSION: these results indicate that we have established a mini-pig model of HRV induced diarrhea. Our findings are useful for the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of HRV infection.
